每日一贴学英语语法

smallmoon

每日一贴学语法，主要考考自己的坚持力。看到天涯上一个筒子这样做的，我也来学学。一共一百多章，我要坚持下去。一日一课。

UNIT 1 Present continuous (I am doing)
　　a Study this example situation:
　　Ann is I her car. She is on her way to work.
　　She is driving to work.
　　This mean: She is driving now, at the time of speaking.
　　This is the present continuous tense:
　　I am (= I’m)
　　he/she (it) is (= he’s, etc.) driving
　　we/they/you are (= we’re, etc.)
　　
　a.　We use the present continuous when we talk about something that is happening at the time of speaking:　
　 Please don’t make so much noise. I’m studying. (not I study)
　　 “Where is Peggy?” “She’s taking a bath.” (not she takes)
　　 Let’s go out now. It isn’t raining any more.
　　 (at a party) Hello, Ann. Are you enjoying the party? (not do you enjoy)
　　
　　b. We also use the present continuous when we talk about something that is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at the time of speaking. Study this example situation:
　　 Tom and Ann are talking and having coffee in a cafe. Tom says: “I’m reading an interesting book at the moment. I’ll lend it to you when I’ve finished it.”
　　Tom is not reading the book at the time of speaking. He means that he has begun the book and hasn’t finished it yet. He is in the middle of reading. Here are some more examples:
　　 Maria is studying English at a language school. (not studies)
　　 Have you heard about Brian? He is building his own house. (not builds)
　　But perhaps Maria and Brian are not doing these things exactly at the time of speaking.
　　
　　c. We of the use the present continuous when we talk about a period around the present. For example: today, this week, this season, etc.:
　　 “You’re working hard today.” “Yes, I have a lot to do.”
　　 Tom isn’t playing football this season. He wants to concentrate on his studies.
　　
　　d. We use the present continuous when we talk about changing situations:　　
The population of the world is rising very fast. (not rises)
　　 Is your English getting better? (not does … get)


Unit1 Exercises
　　1.1 Put the verb into the correct form.
　　Examples: Please don’t make so much noise. I am studying (study).
　　 Let’s go out now. It isn’t raining (not/rain) anymore.
　　 Listen to those people. What language are they speaking (they/speak)?
　　
　　1. Please be quiet. I ________________ (try) to concentrate.
　　2. Look! It _________________ (snow).
　　3. Why ________________ (you/look) at me like that? Did I say something wrong?
　　4. You ________________ (make) a lot of noise. Can you be a little bit quieter?
　　5. Excuse me, I _______________ (look) for a phone booth. Is there one near here?
　　6. (at the movies) It’s a good movie, isn’t it? _______________ (you/enjoy) it?
　　7. Listen! Can you hear those people next door? They ________________ (yell) at each other again.
　　8. Why _______________ (you/wear) your coat today? It’s very warm.
　　9. I ______________ (not/work) this week. I’m on vacation.
　　10. I want to lose weight. I ______________ (not/eat) anything today.
　　
　　1.2 Complete these sentence using one of these verbs:
　　get become change rise improve fall increase　　You don’t have to use all the verbs and you can use some of them more than once.
　　Example: The population of the world is rising very fast.
　　
　　1. The number of people without jobs ______________ at the moment.
　　2. He is still sick, but he _________________ better slowly.
　　3. These days food __________________ more and more expensive.
　　4. The world _____________________. Things never stay the same.
　　5. The cost of living ________________. Every year things are more expensive.
　　6. George has gone to work in Spain. At first, his Spanish wasn’t very good, but now it _________.
　　7. The economic situation is already very bad, and it ___________ worse.
　　
　　1.3 Read this conversation between Brian and Steve. Put each verb into the correct form.
　　Brian and Steve meet in restaurant.
　　Brian: Hello, Steve. I haven’t seen you for ages. What (1) are you doing (you/do) these days?
　　Steve: I (2) ____________________ (work) in a department store.
　　Brian: Really? (3) ____________________ (you/enjoy) it?
　　Steve: Yeah, it’s OK. How about you?
　　Brian: Well, I (4) _______________ (not/work) at the moment, but I’m very busy.
　　 I (5) ______________ (build) a house.
　　Steve: Really? (6) _______________ (you/do) it alone?
　　Brian: No, some friends of mine (7) _______________ (help) me
再发一次，本来帖在后面有的DX没看见，把天涯的链接也发出来，因为是我复制的，如果有不全的，上这个LINK 找一下吧。
http://www.tianya.cn/publicforum/content/english/1/112859.shtml

[ 本帖最后由 smallmoon 于 31-8-2009 08:15 编辑 ]

smallmoon

Steve: Really? (6) _______________ (you/do) it alone?
　　Brian: No, some friends of mine (7) _______________ (help) me
前面的练习我认为都要用进行式。但这两句呢。我想用
did you do it alone.
no. some friends of mine help me.
is it right?  
请DX们讨论一下。
I have changed my mind. 这些事情应该还在进行中，没有完成，所以还是用present continuous

[ 本帖最后由 smallmoon 于 13-8-2009 11:29 编辑 ]

MillerYang

I think so.

smallmoon

UNIT 2 Simple Present (I do)　
　 Study this example situation
　　 Alex is a bus driver. But now he is asleep in bed. So: He is not driving a bus (he is asleep)
　　 But: He drives a bus. This is the simple present tense:
　　 I/we/you/they drive
　　 He/she/(it) drives
　　a. We use the simple present to talk about things in general. We are not thinking only about the present. We use it to say that something happens all the time or repeatedly, or that something is true in general. It is not important whether the action is happening at the time of speaking:
　　 The earth goes around the sun.
　　 Nurses take care of patients in hospitals.
　　 In Canada, most stores close at 6:00 p.m.
　　Remember that we say he/she/it –s. Don’t forget the s:
　　
　　b. We use do/does to make question and negative sentences:　　
do I/we/you/they I/we/you/they don’t
　　 work? work
　　 does he/she/it he/she/it doesn’t
　　 Excuse me, do you speak English?
　　 “Would you like a cigarette?” “No, thanks. I don’t smoke.”
　　 What does this word mean? (not What mean this word?)
　　 Rice doesn’t grow in Alaska.
　　 For questions see also Unit 47.
　　
　　c. We use the simple present when we say how often we do things:　　
I get up at 8:00 every morning. (not am getting)
　　 How often do you go to the dentist?
　　 Ann doesn’t go out very often.
　　 In the summer, Tom usually plays tennis twice a week.
　　
　　d. Note that we say “Where do you come from?” (= Where are you from?):　　
Where do you come from? (not Where are you coming from?)
　　 He comes from Japan. (not He is coming from Japan.)
　　
UNIT 2 Exercises

　　2.1 Put the verb into the correct form.　　
Examples: Water boils (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius.
　　 George doesn’t go (not/go) to the movies very often.
　　 How many languages do you speak (you/speak)?
　　1. The swimming pool ____________ (open) at 9:00 and _________ (close) at 6:30 every day.
　　2. What time _____________ (the banks/ close) here?
　　3. I have a car, but I _______________ (not/use) it very often.
　　4. How many cigarettes ____________ (you/ smoke) a day?
　　5. “What __________ (you/do)?” “I’m an electrical engineer.”
　　6. “Where __________ (your father/ come) from?” “He __________ (come) from Mexico.”
　　7. It ___________ (take) me an hour to get to work. How long __________ (it/take) you?
　　8. I ________ (play) the piano, but I _________ (not/ play) very well.
　　9. I don’t understand the word “deceive”. What _____________ (“deceive”/ mean)?
　　
　　2.2 Read these sentences and correct them. The English is correct but the information is wrong. Write two correct sentences each time.
　　 Example: The sun goes around the earth. The sun doesn’t go around the earth. The earth goes around the sun.
　　1. The sun rises in the west. ______________________________________________________
　　2. Mice catch cats. _____________________________________________
　　3. Carpenters make things from metal. _______________________________________________
　　4. The Amazon River flows into the Pacific Ocean. _______________________________________
　　
　　2.3 Use these sentences to make questions. Begin your questions with the word(s) in parentheses (___)　　
Example: Tom plays tennis. (How often)? How often does Tom play tennis?
　　 I jog in the morning. (What time/usually?) what time do you usually jog?
　　
　　1. Ann watches television. (How often?) How often__________________________________
　　2. I write to my parents. (How often?) __________________________________________
　　3. I have dinner in the evening. (What time/ usually?) _____________________________
　　4. Tom works. (Where?) ____________________________________
　　5. I go to the movies. (How often?) ________________________________________
　　6. People do stupid things. (Why?) ________________________________________
　　7. The car breaks down. (How often?) _____________________________________________

smallmoon

电脑坏了两日，今天补上。

UNIT 3 Present continuous (I am doing) or simple present (I do)?

Before you study this unit, study Units 1 and 2　
a. Study this explanation and compare the examples:
　　Present continuous (I am doing) Use the present continuous to talk about something that is happening at or close to the time of speaking:
　　I am　　doing
　　past now future
　　The water is boiling. Could you turn it off, please?
　　Listen to those people. What language are they speaking?
　　“Where’s Tom?” “He’s playing tennis.” (you find a stranger in your room) What are you doing here?
　　Maria is in Canada for three months. She’s Learning English.
　　
　　Use the present continuous for a temporary situation:　　
I’m living with some friends until I can find an apartment.
　　Mary usually has a summer job, but she isn’t working this summer.
　　 Simple present (I do)
　　Use the simple present to talk about things in general or things that happen repeatedly:
　　
　　
　　 I do
　　past future
　　Water boils at 100 degree Celsius
　　
　　Excuse me, do you speak English?
　　
　　Tom plays tennis every Saturday.
　　What do you usually do on the weekend?
　　What do you do? (= What’s your job?)
　　Most people learn to swim when they are children.
　　
　　Use the simple present for permanent situation:
　　My parents live in Boston. They have been there for 20 years.
　　Jack doesn’t work during the summer
　　He always takes a long vacation.
　　
　　b. Some verbs are used only in simple tense. For example, you cannot say “ I am knowing.” You can only say I know. Here is a list of verbs that are not normally used in continuous tense (but there are exceptions):
　　want like belong know suppose remember need love see realize mean forget prefer hate hear believe understand seem have (meaning “posses”; see also Unit23) think (meaning “believe”/ “have an opinion”)　　
      Do you like Rome? (not are you liking)
　　 He doesn’t understand the problem. (not he isn’t understanding)
　　 These shoes belong to me. (not are belonging)
　　 What do you think Tom will do? (= What do you believe he will do?)
　　 Do you have a car? (not are you having)
　　 but: What are you thinking about? (= What is going to your mind?)

UNIT3 Exercises　　
3.1 Decide whether the verbs in these sentences are right or wrong. Correct the ones that are wrong.　　 Examples: I don’t know your telephone number. Right　　
   Please don’t make so much noise. I study. Wrong – am studying
　　1. Look! Somebody is climbing that tree over there. _____________
　　2. Can you hear those people? What do they talk about? _____________
　　3. Are you believing in God? _____________
　　4. Look! That man tries to open the door of your car. _____________
　　5. The moon goes around the earth. _____________
　　6. What are you thinking about my idea? ______________
　　7. The government is worried because the number of people without jobs is increasing. ___________
　　8. I’m usually going to work by car. _____________
　　
　　3.2 Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous (I am doing) or simple present (I do).　　
Examples: Please don’t make so much noise. I am studying (study).
　　 How many languages does Tom speak (Tom/speak)?
　　 Jean doesn’t speak (not/speak) any foreign languages.
　　1. I _____________ (not/belong) to a political party.
　　2. Hurry! The bus __________ (come). I ___________ (not/want) to miss it.
　　3. The Nile River ____________ (flow) into the Mediterranean.
　　4. The river ________________ (flow) very fast today -- much faster than usual.
　　5. ___________________(it/ever/snow) in India?
　　6. We usually ________________ (grow) vegetable in our garden, but this year we ______________ (not/grow) any.
　　7. A: Can you drive?
　　B: No, but I ____________________ (learn).
　　8. You can borrow my umbrella. I ________________ (not/need) it right now.
　　9. I ______________ (get) hungry. Let’s go get something to eat.
　　10. George is vegetarian. He _______________ (not/eat) meat.
　　11. George says he’s 80 years old, but I _______________ (not/believe) him.
　　12. Ron is in San Francisco now. He ____________ (stay) at the Hilton Hotel. He usually __________ (stay) at the Hilton Hotel when he’s in San Francisco.
　　In these sentences, think about whether the situation is temporary or permanent.
　　13. My parents _______________ (live) in Winnipeg. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. Where ________________ (your parents/ live)?
　　14. She ______________ (stay) with her sister until she finds somewhere else to live.
　　15. A: What ______________ (your father/ do)?
　　   B: He’s a teacher, but he _______________ (not/ work) right now.

[ 本帖最后由 smallmoon 于 16-7-2009 09:22 编辑 ]

smallmoon

　UNIT 4 Present tenses ( I am doing/ I do) with a future meaning　
　
　a. Present continuous with a future meaning　　Study this example situation:　　 This is Tom’s schedule for next week.
　　 He is playing tennis on Monday afternoon.
　　 He is going to the dentist on Tuesday morning.
　　 He is having dinner with Ann on Friday.
　　 In all these examples, Tom has already decided and arranged to do these things.
　　When you are talk about what you have already arranged to do, use the present continuous (I am doing). Do not use the simple present (I do).　　 A: What are you doing tomorrow evening? (not what do you do),
　　 B: I’m going to the theater. (not I go)
　　 A: Are you playing tennis tomorrow?
　　 B: Yes, but Tom isn’t playing. He hurt his leg.(? should be : he hurts his leg? no sure,I got the answer, hurt 这里用过去式)
　　 A: Ann is coming tomorrow.
　　 B: Oh, is she? What time is she arriving?
　　 A: At 10:15.
　　 B: Are you meeting her at the station?
　　 A: I can’t. I’m working tomorrow morning.
　　
　　It is also possible to use going to (do) in these sentences:　　
     What are you going to do tomorrow evening?
　　 Tom is going to play tennis on Monday afternoon.
　　But the present continuous is usually more natural when you are talking about arrangements. See also Unit 5.　
　Do not use will to talk about what you have already arranged to do:
　　 What are you doing this evening? (not what will you do)
　　 Alex is getting married next month. (not Alex will get)
　　For will see Unit 6 & 7.
　　
　　b. Simple present with a future meaning　
  　We use the simple present when we are talking about timetables, schedules, etc. (for example, public transportation, movies):
　　 What time does the movie begin?
　　 The train leaves Boston at 7:25 a.m. and arrives in Washington, D.C., at 3:41 p.m.
　　 The football game starts at 2:00.
　　 Tomorrow is Wednesday.
　　But we do not usually use the simple present for personal arrangements:　　
What time are you meeting Ann? (not do you meet)

UNIT 4 Exercises　
　4.1 A friend of yours is planning to go on vacation very soon. You ask him about his plans. Use the words in parentheses (…) to make your questions.
　　Example: (where/go)? Where are you going?
　　
　　1. (how long/stay?)_____________
　　2. (when /leave?) ______________
　　3. (go/alone?) ________________
　　4. (go/by car?) _______________
　　5. (where/stay?) _______________
　　
　　4.2 Ann is going on vacation. Write sentences about her vacation plans. Use the words in parentheses to write your sentences.
　　Example: (go/Hawaii) She is going to Hawaii.
　　1. (leave/next Friday) She __________________
　　2. (Stay/in Hawaii for two weeks) _____________
　　3. (go/with a friend of hers) ________________
　　4. (stay/in a hotel) They __________________
　　5. (go/ by plane) ___________________
　　
　　4.3 Tom wants you to visit him, but you are very busy. Look at your schedule for the next few days and explain to him why you can’t come.
　　Tom: Can you come on Monday evening?
　　You: Sorry, I’d love to, but I’m playing volleyball.
　　Tom: What about Tuesday evening then?
　　You: I’m afraid I can’t. I (meeting at work till 9PM) _____________
　　Tom: Well, what are you doing on Wednesday evening?
　　You: (theater with mother) __________________________
　　Tom: I see. Well, are you free on Thursday evening?
　　You: I’m afraid not. (dinner Judy 8PM) _____________________________
　　
　　4.4 Put the verb into the most appropriate form: present continuous (I am doing) or simple present (I do)
　　Example: We are going (go) to the theater this evening.
　　 Does the movie begin (the movie/ begin) at 3:30 or 4:30?
　　
　　1. We __________ (have) a party next Saturday. Would you like to come?
　　2. I _____________ (not/go) away for my vacation next month because I don’t have enough money. ________________ (you/go) away?
　　3. The concert this evening ________________ (start) at 8:00.
　　4. George, is it true that you ________________ (get) married next week?
　　5. The art exhibit ______________ (open) on May 3rd and ___________ (close) on July 15.
　　6. What time _________________________(the next train/leave)?
　　7. Ann, We _____________________ (go) to the park. ________________ (you/come) with us?

[ 本帖最后由 smallmoon 于 5-7-2009 08:26 编辑 ]

smallmoon

这一课的练习对我有点难度，希望能有DX一起讨论一下。我把我的答案迟点写出来，希望有人指正。

smallmoon

UNIT 4 Exercises
　　4.1 A friend of yours is planning to go on vacation very soon. You ask him about his plans. Use the words in parentheses (…) to make your questions.
　　Example: (where/go)? Where are you going?
　　
　　1. (how long/stay?)_________how long are you staying____
　　2. (when /leave?) _______when do you leave_______
　　3. (go/alone?) _________are you going alone_______
　　4. (go/by car?) _____________do you go by car__
　　5. (where/stay?) _____________where do you stay__
　　
　　4.2 Ann is going on vacation. Write sentences about her vacation plans. Use the words in parentheses to write your sentences.
　　Example: (go/Hawaii) She is going to Hawaii.
　　1. (leave/next Friday) She ___is leaving next Friday_________
　　2. (Stay/in Hawaii for two weeks) _______she is going to stay in Hawaii for two weeks______
　　3. (go/with a friend of hers) ________she goes with a friend of hers________
　　4. (stay/in a hotel) They _________Does she stay in a hotel_________
　　5. (go/ by plane) __________she goes by plane_________
　　
　　4.3 Tom wants you to visit him, but you are very busy. Look at your schedule for the next few days and explain to him why you can’t come.
　　Tom: Can you come on Monday evening?
　　You: Sorry, I’d love to, but I’m playing volleyball.
　　Tom: What about Tuesday evening then?
　　You: I’m afraid I can’t. I (meeting at work till 9PM) _ I  have a meeting at work till 9PM__???__________
　　Tom: Well, what are you doing on Wednesday evening?
　　You: (theater with mother) ___ I am going to theater with mohter__
　　Tom: I see. Well, are you free on Thursday evening?
　　You: I’m afraid not. (dinner Judy 8PM) ____I  am going to  have  a diner with Judy at 8PM
　　
　　4.4 Put the verb into the most appropriate form: present continuous (I am doing) or simple present (I do)
　　Example: We are going (go) to the theater this evening.
　　 Does the movie begin (the movie/ begin) at 3:30 or 4:30?
　　
　　1. We _____are going to have _____ (have) a party next Saturday. Would you like to come?
　　2. I am not going to go________ (not/go) away for my vacation next month because I don’t have enough money. ____do you  (you/go) away?
　　3. The concert this evening ___starts_____________ (start) at 8:00.
　　4. George, is it true that you are going to get  (get) married next week?
　　5. The art exhibit ___opens___________ (open) on May 3rd and ___closes________ (close) on July 15.
　　6. What time ________________does the next train leave_________(the next train/leave)?
　　7. Ann, We _____are going to ________________ (go) to the park. ___are you coming _____________ (you/come) with us?

smallmoon

UNIT 5 Going to (I am going to do)　　
a. We use going to (do) when we say what we have already decided to do, or what we intend to do in the future:　
　 A: There’s a movie on television tonight. Are you going to watch it?
　　 B: No, I’m too tired. I’m going to make it an early night.
　　 A: I hear Ann has won a lot of money. What is she going to do with it?
　　 B: I’ve heard she’s going to travel around the world.
　　For the difference between will and going to see Unit 8.
　　
　　b. We prefer to use the present continuous (I am doing) when we say what someone has arranged to do – for example, arranged to meet someone, arranged to travel somewhere. Going to is also possible:
　　 What time are you meeting Ann? (or are you going to meet)
　　 I’m leaving for Europe on Monday. (or I’m going to leave)
　　See also Unit 4a.
　　
　　c. We use was/were going to to say what someone intended to do in the past (but didn’t do):　　
We were going to take the train, but then we decided to go by car.
　　 A: Did Tom take the exam?
　　 B: No, he was going to take it, but then he changed his mind.
　　
　　d. Going to also has another meaning. Study this example situation:　　
The man can’t see where he is going. There is a hole in front of him.
　　 He is going to fall into the hole.
　　 Here the speaker is saying what he thinks will happen. Of course he doesn’t mean that the man intends to fall into the hole.
　　
　　We use going to in this way when we say what we think will happen. Usually there is something in the present situation (the man walking toward the hole) that makes the speaker sure about what will happen.　　
Look at those black clouds! It’s going to rain. (the clouds are there now)
　　 Oh, I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick. (I feel terrible now)

UNIT 5 Exercises　
　5.1 Say when you are going to do something.
　　 Example: Have you cleaned the car? (tomorrow)
　　 Not yet. I’m going to clean it tomorrow.
　　 1. Have you called Tom? (after lunch) Not yet. I ____________________________.
　　 2. Have you had dinner? (in a little while) Not yet. _____________________________
　　 3. Have you painted your apartment? (soon) Not _______________________________
　　 4. Have you fixed my bicycle? (this afternoon) ________________________________
　　
　　5.2 Write questions with going to.
　　 Example: I’ve won a lot of money. (what/with it?) What are you going to do with it?
　　
　　 1. I’m going to a party tonight. (what/wear?) ___________________________________
　　 2. Tom has just bought a painting. (where/hang it?) ________________________________
　　 3. I’ve decided to have a party. (who/invite?)
　　
　　5.3 Use was/were going to.
　　 Example: Did you travel by train?
　　 No, I was going to travel by train, but I changed my mind.
　　
　　 1. Did you buy that jacket you saw in the store window?
　　 No, I ______________________, but I changed my mind.
　　 2. Did Sue get married?
　　 No, she _______________________, but she ____________________
　　 3. Did Tom quit his job?
　　 No, ___________________________, but ______________________
　　 4. Did Wayne and Sharon go to Greece for their vacation?
　　 No, _____________________________________________________
　　 5. Did you play tennis yesterday?
　　 No, _____________________________________________________
　　 6. Did you invite Ann to the party?
　　 No, _____________________________________________________
　　
　　 5.4 Say what you think is going to happen in these situations.
　　 Example: The sky is full of black clouds. (rain) It’s going to rain.
　　
　　 1. Terry is taking his exams tomorrow. He hasn’t done any work for them, and he is not very intelligent. (fail) He _________________________________.
　　 2. It is 8:30. Tom is leaving his house. He has to be at work at 8:45, but the trip takes 30 minutes. (be late) _____________________________________________.
　　 3. There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. It is filling up with water very quickly. (sink) It _________________________________________________.
　　 4. Ann is driving. There is very little gas left in the tank. The nearest gas station is a long way from here. (run out of gas) _______________________________________________

smallmoon

UNIT 6 Will (1)　　
a. We use will (‘ll) when we decided to do something at the time of speaking:　
　 Oh, I left the door open. I’ll go and shut it.
　　 “What would you like to drink?” “I’ll have some coffee please.”
　　 “Did you call Ann?” “Oh no, I forgot. I’ll do it now.”
　　 I’m too tired to walk home. I think I’ll take a taxi.
　　You cannot use the simple present (I do) in these sentences.
　　 I’ll go and shut it. (not I go and shut it)
　　Do not use will to say what someone has already decided to do or arranged to do:　
　 I can’t meet you tomorrow because my parents are coming to see me. (not my parent will come)
　　The negative of will is won’t (or will not):
　　 Receptionist: I’m afraid Mr. Wood can’t see you until 4:00.
　　 You: Oh, in that case I won’t wait.
　　We often use I think I’ll … or I don’t think I’ll … when we decide to do something:　　
I think I’ll stay home this evening.
　　 I don’t think I’ll go out tonight. I’m too tired.
　　b. We of the use will in these situations:　　 Offering to do something:
　　 That bag looks heavy. I’ll help you with it. (not I help)
　　 “I need some money.” “Don’t worry, I’ll lend you some.”
　　 Agreeing or refusing to do something:　　
A: You know that book I lent you? Can I have it back?
　　 B: Of course. I’ll bring it back this afternoon. (not I bring)
　　 I’ve asked John to help me, but he won’t.
　　 The car won’t start. (= the car “refuses” to start)
　　 Promising to do something:　　
Thank you for lending me the money. I’ll pay you back on Friday. (not I pay)
　　 I won’t tell Tom what you said. I promise.
　　 I promise I’ll call you as soon as I arrive.
　　 Asking someone to do something (Will you… ?):　　
Will you shut the door, please?
　　 Will you please be quiet? I’m trying to concentrate.
　　For will see also Unit7. For will and going to see Unit 8.
　　UNIT 6 Exercises　　
　　6.1 Complete the sentences with I’ll + an appropriate verb.
　　 Example: I’m too tired to walk home. I think I’ll take a taxi.
　　1. I’m a little hungry. I think __________________ something to eat.
　　2. It’s too late to call Tom now. __________________ him in the morning.
　　3. “It’s a bit cold in this room.” “Is it? _______________ on the heat then.”
　　4. “We don’t have any milk.” “Oh, we don’t ? __________________ and get some.”
　　5. “Did you write that letter to Jack?” “Oh, I forgot. Thanks for reminding me. ________ it tonight.”
　　6. “Would you like tea or coffee?” “______________ coffee, please.”
　　
　　6.2 Use I think I’ll … or I don’t think I’ll … Read the situation and then write your sentence.
　　Examples: It’s cold. You decide to close the window. I think I’ll close the window.
　　 It’s raining. You decide not to go out. I do not think I’ll go out.
　　1. You feel tired. You decide to go to bed. I ________________________.
　　2. A friend of yours offers you a ride home, but you decide to walk.
　　Thank you, but ________________________________.
　　3. You arranged to play tennis. Now you decide that you don’t want to play.
　　______________________________________________.
　　4. You were going to go swimming. Now you decide that you don’t want to go.
　　______________________________________________.
　　
　　6.3 Offer to do things. Tom has a log of things to do and you offer to do them for him.
　　Example: Tom: Oh, I have to clean up. You: No, that’s all right. I’ll clean up.
　　1. Tom: Oh, I have to get dinner ready. You: No, that’s all right. I _______________.
　　2. Tom: Oh, I have to do the shopping. You: No, ____________________________.
　　3. Tom: Oh, I have to water the plants. You: _______________________________.
　　
　　6.4 Agree and promise to do things.
　　Example: A: Can you clean the windows? B: Sure, I’ll clean them this afternoon.
　　 A: Do you promise? B: Yes, I promise I’ll clean them this afternoon.
　　1. A: Can you call me later? B: Sure, _______________________ tonight.
　　A: Do you promise? B: Yes, __________________________________.
　　2. A: Can you fix the clock. B: Okay, _______________________ tomorrow.
　　A: Do _______________________? B: ___________________________
　　3. A: Please don’t tell anyone. B: All right, I won’t tell anyone.
　　A: ___________________________ B: ___________________________.
　　4. A: Please don’t hurt me. B: Don’t worry, _________________________________
　　A: ___________________________ B: ___________________________________

smallmoon

　　UNIT 7 Will (2)　　
a. When we talk about the future, we often say what someone has arranged to do or intends to do. Do not use will in this situation:
　　 Tom is playing tennis on Monday. (not Tom will play)
　　 Are you going to watch television this evening? (not will you watch)
　　For arrangements and intentions about the future, we are not talking about arrangements or intentions. Study this example:
　　 Tom: I’m really worried about my exam next week.
　　 Ann: Don’t worry. Tom. You’ll pass.
　　“You’ll pass” is not an arrangement or intention. Ann is just saying what will happen or what she thinks will happen; she is predicting the future. When we predict a future happening or a future situation, we use will/won’t.　
　 When you return home, you’ll notice a lot of changes.
　　 This time next year I’ll be in Japan. Where will you be?
　　 When will you find out your exam results?
　　 Tom won’t pass his exam. He hasn’t done any work for it.
　　
　　We often use will with these words and expression:　
          probably I’ll probably be a little late this evening.
　　 (I’m) sure You must meet Ann. I’m sure you’ll like her.
　　 (I) bet I bet Carol will get the job.
　　 (I) think Do you think we’ll win the match?
　　 (I) suppose I suppose we’ll see John at the party.
　　 (I) guess I guess I’ll see you next week.
　　
　　b. Will and shall
　　 You can say I will or I shall (I’ll)
　　 We will or we shall (we’ll)
　　 I will (or shall) probably go to Europe this summer.
　　 We will (or we shall) probably go to Europe this summer.
　　Will is more common than shall. In speech we normally use the short forms I’ll and we’ll:
　　 I’ll probably go to Europe
　　Do not use shall with he/she/it/they/you.
　　 John will help you. (not shall help you)
　　We use shall (not will) in the question
     Shall I …? And Shall we …? (for offers, suggestions, etc.):
　　 Shall I open the window? (= Do you want me to open the window?)
　　 Where shall we go this evening?
　　For will see also Units 6,8 and 9.
UNIT 7 Exercises　
　7.1 Decide which form of the verb is correct (or more natural) in these sentences. Cross out the one that is wrong.
　　Example: Tom isn’t free on Saturday. He will work/ is working.
　　
　　1. I will go/ am going to a party tomorrow night. Would you like come too?
　　2. According to the weather forecast, it will rain/ is raining tomorrow.
　　3. I’m sure Tom will get/ is getting the job. He has a lot of experience.
　　4. I can’t meet you this evening. A friend of mine will come/ is coming to see me.
　　5. A: Have you decided where to go for your vacation yet?
　　B: Yes, we will go/ are going to Italy.
　　6. Don’t worry about the dog. It won’t hurt/ isn’t hurting you.
　　
　　7.2 Write question using do you think…will… Use a verb from the box each time.
　　Arrive come cost finish get married rain pass
　　1. Bill is taking his final exam soon. Do you think he will pass?
　　2. I’ve invited her to the party. Do you ________________ she_________________?
　　3. Jack and Ann are coming over this evening. What time do ___________ they__________?
　　4. The weather doesn’t look very good. Do __________________________________?
　　5. My car needs to be repaired. How much ______________________?
　　6. They are in love. Do ______________________________?
　　7. The meeting is still going on. When ______________________________?
　　
　　7.3 Answer these questions using the words in parentheses (…).
　　Example: Who you think will win the prize? (bet/sue) I bet sue will win.
　　1. What do you think she’ll say? (probably/nothing) She _______________________________.
　　2. Where do you think she’ll go? (bet/ South America) I _____________________________.
　　3. When do you think she’ll leave? (I think/ tomorrow) I _____________________________.
　　4. How do you think she’ll go there? (suppose/ by plane) I _____________________________.
　　5. When do you think she’ll be back? (think/ quite soon) I ______________________________.
　　6. Do you think you’ll miss her? (I’m sure/very much) Yes, ____________________________.
　　
　　7.4 Read each situation and then write a question with shall I? or small we? I each situation you are talking to a friend.
　　Example: It’s very hot in the room. The window is shut. Shall I open the window?
　　1. Your friend wants you to call him/ her later. You don’t know what time to call. Ask your friend. You say: What _____________________________________
　　2. You and your friend haven’t decided what to have for dinner. You say __________________
　　3. You and your friend are going out. You haven’t decided whether to go by car or to walk. You say: ________________________________ or ______________________________

[ 本帖最后由 smallmoon 于 5-7-2009 08:34 编辑 ]

smallmoon

UNIT8 Will or going to?　

　a. Talking about future actions　　
We use both will and going to talk about our future actions, but there is clear difference. Study this example situation:
　　 Helen’s bicycle has a flat tire. She tells her father.
　　 Helen ： my bicycle has a flat tire. Can you fix it for me?
　　 Father: Okay, but I can’t do it now. I’ll fix it tomorrow.
　　 will: We use will when we decide to do something at the time of speaking. The speaker has not decided before. Before Helen told her father, he didn’t know about the flat tire.
　　
　　 Later, Helen’s mother speaks to her husband.
　　 Mother: Can you fix Helen’s bicycle? It has a flat tire.
　　 Father: Yes, I know. She told me. I’m going to fix it tomorrow.
　　 going to: We use going to when we have already decided to do something. Helen’s father had already decided to fix the bicycle before his wife spoke to him.
　　 He is another example:
　　 Tom is cooking when he suddenly discovers that there isn’t any salt:
　　 Tom: Ann, we don’t have any salt.
　　 Ann: Oh, we don’t? I’ll get some from the store. (she decides at the time of speaking)
　　
　　 Before going out, Ann says to Jim:
　　 Ann: I’m going to get some salt from the store. (she has already decided)
　　 Can I get you anything, Jim?
　　
　　b. Saying what will happen (predicting future happenings)　
　We use both will and going to to say what we think will happen in the future:　
　 Do you think Laura will get the job?
　　 Oh no! It’s already 4:00. We’re going to be late.
　　We use going to (not will) when there is something in the present situation that shows what will happen in the future (especially the near future). The speaker feels sure about what will happen because of the situation now (see also Unit 5d):　

　 Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain. (the clouds are there now)
　　 I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick. (I feel terrible now)
　　Do not use will in situations like these.
　　In other situation, use will (see also Unit 7):
　　 Sue will probably arrive at about 8 o’clock.
　　 I think George will like the present you bought for him

UNIT 8 Exercises　　
8.1 Put the verb into the correct form, using will or going to.
　　Examples: A: Why are you turning on the TV?
　　 B: I’m going to watch (watch) the news.
　　 A: Oh, I just realized – I don’t have any money.
　　 B: Don’t worry -- that’s no problem. I’ll lend (lend) you some.
　　 Those clouds are very black, aren’t they? I think it is going to rain (rain).
　　7. A: I’ve got a terrible headache.
　　B: Do you? Wait here and I __________ (get) you some aspirin.
　　8. A: Why are you filling that bucket with water?33
　　B: I ____________________ (wash) the car.
　　9. A: I’ve decided to repaint this room.
　　B: Oh, you have? What color __________ (you/paint) it?
　　10. A: Look! There’s smoke coming out of that house. It’s on fire!
　　B: Oh no! I ________________ (call) the fire department right away.
　　11. A: The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe, does it?
　　B: No, it looks as if it ___________ (fall) down.
　　12. A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping?
　　B: Yes, I ______________ (buy) something for dinner.
　　13. A: I can’t figure out how to use this camera.
　　B: It’s easy. I ___________ (show) you.
　　14. A: What would you like to have – coffee or tea?
　　B: I __________ (have) coffee, please.
　　15. A: has George decided what to go when he finishes school?
　　B: Oh yes. Everything is settled. He _____________ (take) a vacation for a few weeks, and then he ___________ (start) a computer programming course.
　　16. A: Did you mail that letter for me?
　　B: Oh, I’m sorry. I completely forgot. I ___________ (do) it now.
　　17. A: What shall we have for dinner?
　　B: I don’t know. I can’t make up my mind.
　　A: Come on, hurry up! Make a decision!
　　B: Okay. We ______________ (have) chicken.
　　18. Jack: We need some bread for lunch.
　　Ben: Oh, we do? I __________ (go) to the store and get some. I feel like taking a walk.
　　 Before he goes out, Ben talks to Jane:
　　 Ben: I _____________ (get) some bread. Do you want anything from the store?
　　 Jane: Yes, I need some envelopes.
　　 Ben: Okay, I ______________ (get) you some.
　　19. John has to go to the airport to catch a plane. He doesn’t have a car:
　　John: Toshi, can you take me to the airport tonight?
　　Toshi: Of course I ______________ (take) you. I’d be happy to.
　　Later that day Eric offers to take John to the airport?
　　Eric: John, do you want me to take you to the airport?
　　John: No thanks, Eric. Toshi _________ (take) me.

[ 本帖最后由 smallmoon 于 5-7-2009 08:43 编辑 ]

smallmoon

这一课习我觉得是凭直觉来做的。迟点发我的答案上来，请多指教。

smallmoon

UNIT 8 Exercises　　
8.1 Put the verb into the correct form, using will or going to.
　　Examples: A: Why are you turning on the TV?
　　 B: I’m going to watch (watch) the news.
　　 A: Oh, I just realized – I don’t have any money.
　　 B: Don’t worry -- that’s no problem. I’ll lend (lend) you some.
　　 Those clouds are very black, aren’t they? I think it is going to rain (rain).
　　7. A: I’ve got a terrible headache.
　　B: Do you? Wait here and I __will get(get) you some aspirin.
　　8. A: Why are you filling that bucket with water?33
　　B: I __________am goint to wash__________ (wash) the car.
　　9. A: I’ve decided to repaint this room.
　　B: Oh, you have? What color will you paint__________ (you/paint) it?
　　10. A: Look! There’s smoke coming out of that house. It’s on fire!
　　B: Oh no! I ___will call_____________ (call) the fire department right away.
　　11. A: The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe, does it?
　　B: No, it looks as if it ___is goint go fall________ (fall) down.
　　12. A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping?
　　B: Yes, I ______am going to buy________ (buy) something for dinner.
　　13. A: I can’t figure out how to use this camera.
　　B: It’s easy. I __will show_________ (show) you.
　　14. A: What would you like to have – coffee or tea?
　　B: I ____would have______ (have) coffee, please.
　　15. A: has George decided what to go when he finishes school?
　　B: Oh yes. Everything is settled. He ________is going to take_____ (take) a vacation for a few weeks, and then he _______will start____ (start) a computer programming course.
　　16. A: Did you mail that letter for me?
　　B: Oh, I’m sorry. I completely forgot. I ___will do________ (do) it now.
　　17. A: What shall we have for dinner?
　　B: I don’t know. I can’t make up my mind.
　　A: Come on, hurry up! Make a decision!
　　B: Okay. We _____will have_________ (have) chicken.
　　18. Jack: We need some bread for lunch.
　　Ben: Oh, we do? I ___will go_______ (go) to the store and get some. I feel like taking a walk.
　　 Before he goes out, Ben talks to Jane:
　　 Ben: I ____am going to get_________ (get) some bread. Do you want anything from the store?
　　 Jane: Yes, I need some envelopes.
　　 Ben: Okay, I ________will get______ (get) you some.
　　19. John has to go to the airport to catch a plane. He doesn’t have a car:
　　John: Toshi, can you take me to the airport tonight?
　　Toshi: Of course I __wil take__________ (take) you. I’d be happy to.
　　Later that day Eric offers to take John to the airport?
　　Eric: John, do you want me to take you to the airport?
　　John: No thanks, Eric. Toshi ___is going to take______ (take) me.

[ 本帖最后由 smallmoon 于 6-7-2009 12:20 编辑 ]

smallmoon

　UNIT 9 When and if sentences (When I do… / If I do…)　
　a. Study this example:
　　 A: What time will you call me tonight?
　　 B: I’ll call you when I get home from work.
　　“I’ll call you when I get home from work” is a sentence with two parts: “I’ll call you” (the main part) and “when I get home from work” (the when part). The sentence is future (tonight), but you cannot use will or going to in the when part of the sentence. Instead we use a present tense, usually simple present (I do).
　　 I can’t talk to you now. I’ll talk to you later when I have more time.(not when I’ll have)
　　 When the rain stops, we’ll go out. (not when the rain will stop)
　　The same thing happens after:　　 While after before until/till as soon as
　　 Can you take care of the children while I am out? (not will be)
　　 Before you leave, you must visit the museum. (not will leave)
　　 Wait here until I come back. (not will come)
　　
　　b. You can also use the present perfect (I have done) after when/after/until, etc., to show that the first action will be finished before the second:　　 After I’ve read this book, you can have it.
　　 Don’t say anything while Tom is here. Wait until he has gone.
　　It is often possible to use either the simple present or present perfect:
　　 I’ll come as soon as I finish. or I’ll come as soon as I’ve finished.
　　 You’ll feel better when you have something to eat. or
　　 You’ll feel better when you have had something to eat.
　　
　　c. After if we also use the simple present (I do) for the future:　　
   It’s raining. We’ll get wet if we go out. (not if we will go)
　　 Hurry up! If we don’t hurry, we’ll be late. (not if we won’t hurry)
　　Be careful not to confuse when and if.
　　Use when for things that are sure to happen:
　　 I’m going shopping this afternoon. When I go shopping, I’ll buy some food.
　　Use if (not when) for things that will possibly happen:
　　 I might go shopping this afternoon. If I go shopping, I’ll buy some food.
　　 If it rains this evening, I won’t go out. (not when it rains)
　　 Don’t worry if I’m late tonight. (not when I’m late)
　　 If he doesn’t come soon, I’m not going to wait. (not when he doesn’t come)

[ 本帖最后由 smallmoon 于 16-7-2009 09:26 编辑 ]

smallmoon

UNIT 9 Exercises
　　9.1 All the sentences in this exercise are about the future. Put the verbs into the correct form: the future will/ won’t or the simple present (I do).
　　Example: When I see (see) Tom tonight, I’ll invite (invite) him to our party.
　　1. Before you ___________ (leave), don’t forget to shut the windows.
　　2. I ___________ (call) you as soon as I __________ (arrive) in Tokyo.
　　3. Please don’t touch anything before the police _____________ (come).
　　4. Everyone ______________ (be) very surprised if they _____________ (pass) the exam.
　　5. When you ____________ (see) Brian again, you _____________ (not/recognize) him.
　　6. We ___________ (not/start) dinner until Karen ______________ (arrive).
　　7. ____________ (you/be) lonely without me while I ______________ (be) away?
　　8. If I ________________ (need) any help, I ______________ (ask) you.
　　9. Come on! Hurry up! Ann ___________ (be) annoyed if we ____________ (be) late.
　　
　　9.2 Make one sentence from two sentences
　　Example: You are going to leave soon. You must visit the museum before that.
　　 You must visit the museum before you leave.
　　1. I’ll find somewhere to live. Then I’ll give you my address.
　　I ______________________ when ___________________________.
　　2. It’s going to start raining. Let’s go out before that.
　　Let’s ___________________________ before _______________________.
　　3. I’m going to do the shopping. Then I’ll come straight home.
　　___________________________ after _______________________.
　　4. You’ll be in Washington next month. You must come and see me then.
　　______________________________ when ____________________________.
　　5. I’m going to finish reading this book. Then I’ll get the dinner ready.
　　_____________________________ when ___________________________.
　　6. We’ll make our decision. Then we’ll let you know.
　　___________________________ as soon as _________________________.
　　
　　9.3 Fill in when or if.
　　Example: If it rains this evening, I won’t go out.
　　1. I’m sorry you’ve decided to go away. I’ll be very sad _________________ you leave.
　　2. Tom might call this evening. ______________ he does, can you take a message?
　　3. I think he’ll get the job. I’ll be very surprised __________ he doesn’t get it.
　　4. I hope to be there by 10:30. But ____________ I’m not there, don’t wait for me.
　　5. I’m going shopping _____________ you want anything, I can get it for you.
　　6. I think I’ll go home now. I’m feeling very tired. I think I’ll go right to bed ______ I get home.
　　7. I’m going away for a few days. I’ll call you ________ I get back.
　　8. I want you to come to the party but ___________ you don’t want to come, you don’t have to.
　　

[ 本帖最后由 smallmoon 于 7-7-2009 09:49 编辑 ]

smallmoon

UNIT 10 Will be doing and will have done　　

　　a. First study this example situation:
　　 Tom is a football fan, and there is a football game on television this evening. The game begins at 7:30 and ends at 9:15. Ann wants to go and see Tom this evening and wants to know what time to come over:
　　 Ann: Is it all right if I come over at about 8:30?
　　 Tom: No, don’t come then. I’ll be watching the game on TV.
　　 Ann: Oh. Well, what about 9:30?
　　 Tom: Yes, that’ll be fine. The game will have ended by then.
　　
　　b. We use will be doing (future continuous) to say that we will be in the middle of doing something at a certain time in the future. The football game begins at 7:30 and ends at 9:15. So during this time, for example at 8:30, Tom will be watching the match.
　　Here are some more examples:
　　 You’ll recognize her when you see her. She’ll be wearing a yellow hat.
　　 This time next week I’ll be on vacation. I’ll probably be lying on a beautiful beach.
　　Compare will be doing with the other continuous forms:　
   　Bill works every morning from 9 o’clock until noon. So:
　　 At 10 o’clock yesterday he was working. (past continuous – see Unit 12)
　　 It’s 10 o’clock now. He is working. (present continuous – see Unit1)
　　 At 10 o’clock tomorrow he will be working.
　　
　　c. You can also use will be doing in another way: to talk about things that are already planned or decided:
　　 I’ll be going downtown later. Can I get you anything?
　　 With this meaning will be doing is similar to am doing (see Unit 4a):
　　 I’m going downtown later.
　　 We often use Will (you) be-ing? to ask about people’s plans, especially when we want something or want someone to do something:
　　 “Will you be using your bicycle this evening?” “No, you can take it.”
　　 “Will you be passing the post office when you go out?” “Yes, why?”
　　
　　d. We use will have done (future perfect) to say that something will already have happened before a certain time in the future.     
   Tom’s football game ends at 9:15. So after this time, for example at 9:30, the game will have ended.
    Here are some more examples:
　　 Next year is Ted and Amy’s 25th wedding anniversary. They will have been married for 25 years. (Now they have been married for 24 years.
　　 We’re late. I guess the movie will already have started by the time we get to the theater.

UNIT 10 Exercises　　
10.1 Make sentences with will be -ing.　　
Example: I’m going to watch television from 9 until 10 o’clock this evening.
　　 So at 9:30 I will be watching television.
　　
　　1. Tomorrow afternoon I’m going to play tennis from 3:00 to 4:30. So at 4:00 tomorrow I __________________________________________.
　　2. Jim is going to study from 7:00 until 10:00 this evening. So at 8:30 this evening he __________________________________________.
　　3. We are going to clean the apartment tomorrow. It will take from 9 until 11 o’clock. So at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning __________________________________________.
　　
　　10.2 Write three sentences, one each about the past, present, and future.
Bob always reads the newspaper in the morning. It always takes him half an hour, from 8:00 until 8:30. So:
　　 1. At 8:15 yesterday morning Bob _________________________.
　　 2. It’s 8:15 now. He ___________________________.
　　 3. At 8:15 tomorrow morning he __________________________.
　　
　　10.3 Ask question with Will you be –ing?
　　 Example: You want to borrow your friend’s bicycle this evening. (you/use/your bicycle this evening? Will you be using your bicycle this evening?
　　
　　1. You want your friend to give Jean a message this afternoon.
　　(you/see/Jean this afternoon?)__________________________________.
　　2. You want to use your friend’s typewriter tomorrow evening.
　　(you/use/your typewriter tomorrow evening?)_______________________________________.
　　3. Your friend is going shopping. You want him/her to buy some stamps for you at the post office. (you/pass/the post office while you’re downtown?)____________________________________.
　　
　　10.4 Use will have done.
　　 Example: Tom and Ann are going to the movies. The movie begins at 7:30 and it is already 7:20. It will take them 20 minutes to get there. When they get there, (the/film/already/start) the film will have already started.
　　2. Jim always goes to bed at 11:00. Peter is going to visit him at 11:30 this evening. When Peter arrives, (Jim/go/to bed) _____________________________________.
　　3. Tom is on vacation. He has very little money and he is spending too much too quickly. Before the end of his vacation, (he/spend/all his money) ___________________________________.
　　4. Sue went to Canada from the U.S. almost three years ago. Next Monday it will be exactly three years since she arrived. Next Monday (she/be/in Canada/exactly three years) ________________________________________________________________.

smallmoon

UNIT 11 Simple past (I did)　　
   a. Study this example:　
　 Tom: Look! It’s raining again.
　　 Ann: Oh no, not again. It rained all day yesterday too.
　　 Rained is the simple past tense. We use the simple past to talk about actions or situations in the past.
　　 I enjoyed the party very much. Mr. Brown died ten years ago.
　　 When I lived in Athens, I worked in a bank.
　　
　　b. Very often the simple past ends in –ed:　　
    We invited them to our party, but they decided not to come.
　　 The police stopped me on my way home last night.
　　 She passed her exam because she studied very hard.
　　For spelling rules see Appendix 3.
　　But many important verbs are irregular. This means that the simple past does not end in –ed:
　　leave → left We all left the party at 11:00.
　　go → went Last month I went to Rome to see a friend of mine.
　　cost → cost This house cost $75,000 in 1980.
　　The past of the verb be (am/is/are) is was/were:　　
    I/he/she/it was we/you/they were
　　I was angry because Tom and Ann were late.
　　For a list of irregular verbs see Appendix 2.
　　
　　c. In simple past question and negatives we use did/didn’t + the base form (do/open, etc.):　　
      it rained did it rain? It didn’t rain
　　 Ann: Did you go out last night, Tom?
　　 Tom: Yes, I went to the movies. But I didn’t enjoy it.
　　 When did Mrs. Johnson die? What did you do over the weekend?
　　 We didn’t invite her to the party, so she didn’t come.
　　 Why didn’t you call me on Tuesday?
　　 Note that we normally use did/didn’t with have:
　　 Did you have time to write the letter?
　　 I didn’t have enough money to buy anything to eat.
　　 But we do not use did with the verb be (was/were):
　　 Why were you so angry? Was Mark at work yesterday?
　　 They weren’t able to come because they were very busy.
　　 For the simple past see also Units 12,19, and 20.
UNIT 11 Exercises.　　
11.1 Read a sentence about the present and then write a sentence about the past. 　　
    Example: Carol usually gets up at 7:30. Yesterday she got up at 7:30.
　　1. Carol usually wakes up early. Yesterday morning ______________.
　　2. Carol usually walks to work. Yesterday ____________________.
　　3. Carol is usually late for work. Yesterday _____________________.
　　4. Carol usually has a sandwich for lunch. Yesterday ______________.
　　5. Carol usually goes out in the evening. Yesterday evening _______________.
　　6. Carol usually sleeps very well. Last night ________________________.
　　
　　11.2 Put one of these verbs in each sentence:　　 hurt teach spend sell throw fall catch buy cost
　　 Example: I was hungry, so I bought something to eat at the store.
　　1. Tom’s father ____________ him how to drive when he was 17.
　　2. Don __________ down the stairs this morning and _________ his leg.
　　3. We needed some money, so we ___________ our car.
　　4. Ann _________ a lot of money yesterday. She _________ a dress that __________ $80.
　　5. Jim _________ the ball to Sue, who __________ it.
　　
　　11.3 Write questions. A friend has just come back from vacation and you are asking about it.　　
    Examples: where / go? Where did you go?
　　 food / good? Was the food good?
　　1. how long / stay there? _____________________
　　2. stay in a hotel? _____________________
　　3. go alone? __________________________
　　4. how / travel? ______________________
　　5. the weather / nice ______________________
　　6. what / do it the evenings? ____________________
　　7. meet any interesting people? ____________________________
　　
　　11.4 Put the verb into the correct form. Use the simple past.
　　 Example: I didn’t go (not/go) to work yesterday because I wasn’t (not/be) well.
　　1. Tom __________ (not/shave) this morning because he ___________ (not/have) time.
　　2. We __________ (not/eat) anything because we _________ (not/be) hungry.
　　3. I __________ (not/rush) because I ___________ (not/be) in a hurry.
　　4. She _____________ (not/be) interested in the book because she __________ (not/understand) it.

smallmoon

UNIT 12 Past continuous (I was doing)　
　a. Study this example situation:　　
    Yesterday Dave and Jim played tennis. They began at 10:00 and finished at 11:00.
　　 What were they doing at 10:30?
　　 “They were playing” means that they were in the middle of playing tennis. They has started playing, but hadn’t finished.
　　 This is past continuous tense:
　　 I/he/she was
　　 playing
　　 We/you/they were
　　We use the past continuous to say that someone was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this time but hadn’t finished:　　  
   This time last year I was living in Brazil.
　　 What were you doing at 10:00 last night?
　　
　　b. The past continuous does not tell us whether an action was finished or not. Perhaps it was finished, perhaps not. Compare:
　　 Dan was cooking dinner. (past continuous) = He was in the middle of cooking dinner and we don’t know whether he finished cooking it.
　　 Dan cooked dinner. (simple past) = He began and finished it.
　　
　　c. We often use the past continuous (I was doing) and the simple past (I did) together to say that something happened in the middle of something else:　　
      Dan burned his hand while he was cooking dinner.
　　 I saw Jim in the park. He was sitting on the grass and reading a book.
　　 It was raining when I got up.
　　 While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.
　　 But to say that one thing happened after another, use the simple past.
　　 Last night Sue was taking a bath when the phone rang. She got out of the bathtub and answered the phone.
　　 Compare:
　　 When Helen arrived, we were having dinner. (past continuous) = We had already started dinner before Helen arrived.
　　 When Helen arrived, we had dinner. (simple past) = Helen arrived and then we had dinner.
　　 Note: There are some verbs (for example, know) that are not normally used in continuous tense. For a list of these verbs see Unit 3b.

smallmoon

UNIT 12 Exercises　　
12.1 Here is a list of some things that Ann did yesterday (and the times at which she did them):　　
　　 1. 8:45 – 9:15 had breakfast
　　 2. 9:15 – 10:00 read the newspaper
　　 3. 10:00 – 12:00 cleaned her apartment
　　 4. 12:45 – 1:30 had lunch
　　 5. 2:30 – 3:30 washed some clothes
　　 6. 4:00 – 6:00 watched TV
　　
　　 Now write sentences saying what she was doing at these times:
　　
　　1. At 9:00 she was having breakfast.
　　2. At 9:30 she _________________
　　3. At 11:00 ___________________
　　4. At 1:00 ____________________
　　5. At 3:00 ____________________
　　6. At 5:00 ____________________
　　
　　
　　12.2 A group of people were staying in a hotel. One evening the fire alarm went off. Use the words in parentheses (___) to make sentences saying what each person was doing at the time.　　
   Example: (Don/take/a bath) Don was taking a bath.
　　1. (Ann/write/ a letter in her room) Ann ______________________.
　　2. (George/get/ready to go out) George _______________________.
　　3. (Carol and Dennis/have/dinner) Carol and Dennis _____________________.
　　4. (Tom/make/a phone call) Tom _________________________.
　　
　　12.3 Make sentences from the words in parentheses. Put the verbs into the correct form: simple past (I did) or past continuous (I was doing).　　
    Example: (I/fall/asleep when I/watch/TV) I fell asleep when I was watching TV.
　　1. (the phone/ring/while I/take a shower) The phone __________________.
　　2. (it/begin/to rain while I/walk/home) ___________________.
　　3. (we/see/an accident while we/wait/for the bus) ___________________.
　　
　　12.4 Put the verb into the correct form: past continuous or simple past.
　　 Example: While Tom was cooking (cook) dinner, the phone rang (ring).
　　1. George ___________ (fall) off the ladder while he __________ (paint) the ceiling.
　　2. Last night I __________ (read) in bed when suddenly I _________ (hear) a scream.
　　3. ____________ (you/watch) TV when I called you?
　　4. Ann __________ (wait) for me when I __________ (arrive).
　　5. I __________ (not/drive) very fast when the accident __________ (happen).
　　6. I __________ (break) a plate last night. I ________ (wash) the dishes when it ________ (slip) out of my hand.
　　7. Tom _______ (take) a picture of me while I _____________ (not/look).
　　8. We _________ (not/go) out because it _________ (rain).
　　9. What ___________ (you/do) at this time yesterday?
　　10. I ___________ (see) Carol at he party. She _____________ (wear) a new dress.
　　I was seening Carol at her party. she weared a new dress. 对吗？这句答案？？

naughtybaby

good start, keep it on pls!

smallmoon

　UNIT 13 Present perfect (I have done) (1)　　
  a. Study this example situation:　　
     Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it. He has lost his key.
　　 “He has lost his key” means that he lost it a short time ago and he still doesn’t have it.
　　 This is the present perfect (simple) tense:
　　 I/we/they/you have (= I’ve, etc.)
　　 lost
　　 He/she/has (= he’s, etc.)
　　
　　 I etc. haven’t have you (etc.)
　　 lost lost
　　 he/she hasn’t has he/she
　　We form the present perfect with have/has + the past participle. The past participle often ends in –ed (opened, decided), but many important verbs are irregular (lost, written, done, etc.). See Appendix 2.
　　
　　b. When we use the present perfect, there is a connection with the present:
　　 I’ve lost my key. (= I don’t have it now.)
　　 Jim has gone to Canada. (= He is in Canada or on his way there now.)
　　
　　c. We often use the present perfect to give new information or to announce a recent happening:　　
      I’ve lost my key. Can you help me look for it?
　　 Did you hear about Jim? He’s gone to Canada.
　　 You can use the present perfect with just (= a short time ago):　　
   “Would you like something to eat?” “No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch.”
　　 Hello, have you just arrived?
　　 Use the present perfect with already to say something has happened sooner than expected:　　
     “Don’t forget to mail the letter.” “I’ve already mailed it.”
　　 “When is Tom going to start his new job?” “He has already started.”
　　 Note that you can also use the simple past (I did/I lost, etc.) in the above situations.
　　 I lost my key. Can you help me look for it?
　　 “Would you like something to eat?” “No thanks. I just had lunch.”
　　 “Don’t forget to mail the letter.” “I already mailed it.”
　　
　　d. Sturdy the difference between gone to and been to:　　
    Beth is on vacation. She has gone to Italy. (= She is there now or she is on her way there.)
　　 Tom is back from is vacation. He has been to Italy. (= He was there, but now he has come back.)
　　
　　(See also Unit 114.)
　　For the present perfect see also Units 14 –19.
　　For the present and simple past see Units 19 – 20 .
　　UNIT 13 Exercises　
　13.1 You are writing a letter to a friend and giving news about people you both know. Use the words given to make sentences and put the verb into the correct form.
　　 Example: Phi/find a new job Phil has found a new job.
　　 Dear Chris,
　　 Lots of things have happened since I last wrote to you.
　　 1. Fred/go/Brazil Fred ______________________.
　　 2. Jack and Jill/decide/to get married ______________________.
　　 3. Suzanne/have/a baby __________________________.
　　 4. Liz/give up/smoking _________________________.
　　 5. George/pass/his driving test _______________________.
　　
　　13.2 Read the situation and then write an appropriate sentence. Use the verb given.
　　 Example: Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it. (lose) He has lost his key.
　　1. Sue’s hair was dirty. Now it is clean. (wash) She ____________________.
　　2. Tom weighed 190 pounds. Now he weighs 170. (lose weigh) __________________________.
　　3. The car has just stopped because there isn’t any more gas in the tank. (run out of gas) _______.
　　4. This morning Bill was playing football. Now he can’t walk and his leg is in a cast. (break) ___.
　　
　　13.3 Use just. Answer the questions using the words given.　　
    Example: Would you like something to eat? (no thank you/I/just/have/dinner)
　　 No thank you. I’ve just had dinner.
　　1. Have you seen John anywhere? (yes/I/just/see/him) Yes, __________________________,
　　2. Has Ann called yet? (yes/she/just/call) __________________________________________.
　　3. Would you like a cigarette? (no thanks/I/just/put/one out) ___________________________.
　　
　　13.4 Write sentences with already.　　
   Example: Don’t forget to mail that letter. I’ve already mailed it.
　　1. Don’t forget to call Eric. I _____________________________.
　　2. Why don’t you read the paper? _____________________.
　　3. Shall I pay the waiter? No, I ____________________________.
　　
　　13.5 Fill in been or gone.　　
   Example: “Where’s Amy?” “She’s on vacation. She has gone to Italy.”
　　1. Hello! I’ve just _________ to the store. Look at all the things I’ve bought.
　　2. Jim isn’t here at the moment. He’s ______________ to the store.
　　3. “Are you going to the bank?” “No, I’ve already __________ to the bank.”

smallmoon

原帖由 naughtybaby 于 10-7-2009 08:40 发表

                               
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good start, keep it on pls!

thanks, I will

smallmoon

UNIT 14 Present perfect (I have done) (2)　
　a. Study this example conversation:　
  　Dave: Have you traveled a lot, Jane?
　　Jane: Yes, I’ve been to 47 different countries.
　　Dave: Really? Have you ever been to China?
　　Jane: Yes, I’ve visited China twice.
　　Dave: What about India?
　　Jane: No, I’ve never been to India.
　　When we talk about a period of time that continues up to the present, we use the present perfect.
    Jane and Dave are talking about the places Jane has visited in her life (which is a period continuing up to the present).
　　Here are some more examples:
　　 “Have you read Hamlet?” “No, I haven’t read any of Shakespeare’s plays.”
　　 How many times have you been to the United States?
　　 Susan really loves that movie. She’s seen it eight times.
　　 Carlos has lived in Argentina all his life. (or Carlos has always lived in Argentina.)
　　We often use ever and never with the present perfect:　　
     Have you ever eaten caviar?
　　 We have never had a car.
　　We often use the present perfect after a superlative (see Unit 100d):　　
     What a boring movie! It’s the most boring movie I’ve ever seen.
　　
　　b. You have to use the present perfect with This is the first time …, It’s the first time …, etc.
     Study this example situation:
　　 Ron is driving a car. He is very nervous and unsure because it’s his first time behind the wheel of the car. You can say:
　　 This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives)
　　 or: He has never driven a car before.
　　 Here are some more examples:
　　 Kathy has lost her passport again. It’s the second time she has lost it.
　　 Is this the first time you’ve been in the hospital?
　　
　　c. Use the present perfect to say that you have never done something or that you haven’t done something during a period of time that continues up to the present:　　
     I have never smoked.
　　 I haven’t smoked for three years. (not I don’t smoke for…)
　　 I haven’t smoked since September. (not I don’t smoke since…)
　　 Jill hasn’t written to me for nearly a month.
　　 Jill has never driven a car.
　　
　　For the difference between for and since see Unit 19b
UNIT 14 Exercises　
　14.1 You are asking someone about things she has done in her life. Use the words in parentheses (…) to make your questions.　　   

   Example: (you ever/be/to China?) Have you ever been to China?
　　1. (you ever/be/to South America?) ______________________?
　　2. (you/read/any English novels?) ________________________?
　　3. (you/live/in this town all your life?) _____________________?
　　4. (how many times/you/be/in love?) _______________________?
　　5. (what’s the most beautiful country you/ever/visit?) _________________________________?
　　6. (you ever/speak/to a famous person?) ______________________________?
　　
　　14.2 Complete the answers to these questions. Use the verb in parentheses.(括号）
　　Example: Is it a beautiful painting? (see) Yes, it’s the most beautiful paining I’ve ever seen.
　　1. Is it a good movie? (see) Yes, it’s the best ______________________?
　　2. Is it a long book? (read) Yes, it’s the _______________________?
　　3. Is she an interesting person? (meet) Yes, she’s the most _______________________?
　　
　　14.3 Write questions and answers as shown in the example.　
   　Example: Jack is driving a car, but he’s very nervous and not sure what to do.
　　 You ask: Is this the first time you’ve driving a car?
　　 Jack : Yes, I’ve never driven a car before.
　　1. Len is playing tennis. He’s not very good and doesn’t know the rules.
　　You ask: Is this the first time _________________
　　Len : Yes. I’ve __________________________________
　　2. Sue is riding a horse. She doesn’t look very confident or comfortable.
　　You ask: _______________________
　　Sue: _______________________
　　3. Marie is in Canada. She’s just arrived and it’s very new to her.
　　You ask: ________________________________
　　Maria: _____________________________________
　　
　　14.4 Answer these questions using the words in parentheses.
　　Example: When did you last smoke? (for two years) I haven’t smoked for two years.
　　1. When did it last rain? (for ages) It ___________________ for ages.
　　2. When did they last visit you? (since June) They ______________________.
　　3. When did you last play tennis? (for a long time) ________________________.
　　4. When did you last eat caviar?鱼子酱 (never) ____________________________.
　　5. When did you last drive? (for six months) _____________________________.
　　6. When did you last go to Puerto Rico? (never) ___________________________.
　　7. When did she last write to you? (since last summer) ___________________________.

smallmoon

　UNIT 15 Present perfect (I have done) (3)　
　a. Study this example:
　　Tom: Have you heard from George?
　　Ann: No, he hasn’t written to me lately.
　　 We use the present perfect when we talk about a period of time that continues up to the present. Tom and Ann are talking about the period between a short time ago and now. So they say: “have you heard” and “he hasn’t written.”
　　 Here are some more examples:
　　 Have you seen my umbrella? I can’t find it anywhere.
　　 Everything is going fine. We haven’t had any problem so far.
　　 We’ve met a lot of interesting people in the last few days.
　　 Fred has been sick a lot in the past few years, hasn’t he?
　　 I haven’t seen Maria recently. Have you?
　　 For sentences with for and since see Unit 18.
　　
　　b. We often use present perfect with yet (see also Unit 103). Yet shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yet only in question and negative sentences:
　　 Has it stopped raining yet?
　　 I haven’t told them about the accident yet.
　　 You can also use yet with the simple past:　
  　 Did it stop raining yet?
　　 I didn’t tell them yet.
　　(See also Unit 20)
　　
　　c. We use present perfect with this morning/this evening/today/this week/this semester, etc. (when these period are not finished at the time of speaking):　　
     I’ve had five cups of coffee today. (Perhaps I’ll have more before the day is over.)
　　 Has Ann had a vacation this year?
　　 I haven’t seen Tom this morning. Have you?
　　 Liz hasn’t studied very much this semester.
　　 Bill is calling his girlfriend again. That’s the third time he’s called her this evening.
　　
　　d. We also use the present perfect continuous (I have been doing) when we talk about a period of time continuing up to the present:
　　 I haven’t been feeling very well lately.
　　 For the present perfect continuous see Units 16 – 18.
　　 For the present perfect and simple past see Units 19 – 20

UNIT 15 Exercises　　
15.1 Make question with the words given.　　
    Example: (you/hear/from George recently?) Have you heard from George recently?
　　1. (you/read/a newspaper lately?) __________________
　　2. (you/see/Lisa in the past few days?) ___________________
　　3. (you/play/tennis lately?) ______________________
　　4. (you/eat/anything today?) ______________________
　　5. (you/see/any good movies lately?) ______________________
　　6. (you/take/your vacation yet?) ______________________
　　
　　15.2 Answer the questions in the way shown. Use yet.　　
    Example: Have you seen the new film at the local cinema?
　　I haven’t seen it yet, but I’m going to see it.
　　1. Have you eaten at the new Japanese restaurant?
　　 I ______________yet, but I’m ______________________
　　2. Have you bought a car?
　　 I______________________, but I ______________________
　　 3. Has Jerry asked Diana to marry him?
　　 He ______________________
　　
　　15.3 Complete the sentence. Use so far.　
   　Examples: I saw Tom yesterday, but I haven’t seen him so far today.
　　 It rained a lot last week, but it hasn’t rained much so far this week.
　　1. We ate a lot yesterday, but we ______________________ much so far today.
　　2. It snowed a lot last winter, but it ______________________ so far this winter.
　　3. I played tennis a lot last year, but ______________________ this year.
　　4. She worked hard last semester, but ______________________ this semester.’
　　5. I watched television last night, but ______________________ tonight.
　　6. My favorite basketball team won a lot of games last season, but they _____________ many games so far this season.
　　
　　15.4 Read the situation and then finish the last sentence.
　　Example: Ron is calling Jill again. He has already called her twice this evening.
　　 It’s the third time he has called her this evening.
　　1. You’re late again. You’ve already been late once this week.
　　It’s the second ______________________ this week.
　　2. The car has broken down. It has already broken down twice this month.
　　It’s the ______________________.
　　3. Ann has just finished drinking a cup of tea. She has already had four cups this morning.
　　It’s the fifth ______________________

smallmoon

Unit 16 Present perfect continuous (I have been doing)　　
a. Study this example situation:　　 Is it raining?
　　 No, it isn’t, but the ground is wet.
　　 It has been raining.
　　 This is the present perfect continuous tense:
　　 I/we/they/you have (= I’ve, etc.)
　　 been doing
　　 He/she/it has (= he’s, etc.)
　　 We use the present perfect continuous when we talk about an action that began in the past and has recently stopped or just stopped. Here are some examples:
　　 You’re out of breath. Have you been running?
　　 Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
　　 I’ve been talking to Tom about your problem, and he thinks…
　　
　　b. We also use the present perfect continuous to ask or say how long something has been happening. This time the action or situation began in the past and is still happening or has just stopped. Study this example:
　　 It is raining now. It began to rain two hours ago, and it is still raining.
　　 It has been raining for two hours.
　　 We often use the present perfect continuous in this way, especially with how long, for, and since.
　　 Here are some more examples:
　　 How long have you been studying English?
　　 They’ve been waiting here for over an hour.
　　 I’ve been watching television since 2:00.
　　 George hasn’t been feeling very well lately.
　　 Have you been working hard today?
　　 You can also use the present perfect continuous (with how long, for, and since) for actions repeated over a period of time:
　　 She has been playing tennis she was eight.
　　 How long have you been smoking?
　　
　　For more information about the present perfect + since/for, see Units 18—19. For the difference between the present perfect simple and present perfect continuous, see Units 17—18.
UNIT 16 Exercises　
　16.1 Read the situation and then write a sentence with the present perfect continuous (I have been doing).　
　 Example: Carlos is out of breath. (he/run) He has been running.
　　1. Jane is very tired. (she/work/hard) __________________________.
　　2. Bob has a black eye, and Bill has a cut lip. (Bob and Bill/fight) __________________________
　　3. George has just come back from the beach. He is very red. (he/lie/in the sun). ______________
　　4. Janet is hot and tired. (she/play/tennis) __________________________
　　
　　16.2 Ask a question for each situation.
　　 Example: Your friend’s hands are covered with grease. (you/work/on the car?)
　　 Have you been working on the car?
　　1. You see a little boy. His eyes are red and watery. (you/cry?) __________________________
　　2. You have just arrived to meet your friend, who is waiting for you. (you/wait/long?) ________
　　3. Your friend comes in. Her face and hands are very dirty. (what/you/do?) ________________
　　16.3 Say how long something has been happening.
　　 Example: It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago.
　　 It has been raining for two hours.
　　1. Kevin is studying. He began studying three hours ago.
　　He __________________________ for three hours.
　　2. I’m learning Spanish. I started learning Spanish in December.
　　I __________________________ since December.
　　3. Ann is looking for a job. She began looking six months ago.
　　 __________________________ for six months.
　　4. Mary is working in Toronto. She started working there on January 18th.
　　 __________________________ since January 18th.
　　5. Mark smokes. He started smoking five years ago.
　　 __________________________ for five years.
　　
　　16.4 Ask questions with how long.
　　 Example: It is raining. How long has it been raining?
　　1. Sue is reading War and Peace. How long __________________________
　　2. Mike plays chess.  __________________________
　　3. Jim sells washing machines. __________________________
　　4. Linda is living on Min Street. __________________________

smallmoon

UNIT 17 Present perfect continuous (I have been doing) or present perfect simple (I have done)?　
　a. Study these example situations:　　
　　Ann’s clothes are covered in paint.
　　She has been painting the ceiling.
　　Has been painting is the present perfect continuous tense.
　　We are interested in the action. It does not matter whether something has been finished or not. In the example, the action has not been finished.
　　The ceiling was white. Now it’s blue.
　　She has painted the ceiling.
　　Has painted is the present perfect simple tense.
　　This time, the important thing is that something has been finished. We are interested in the result of the action, not in the action itself.
　　
　　 Here are some pairs of examples:
　　
　　 Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been fixing the car.
　　 You’ve been smoking too much lately. You should smoke less.
　　 The car is working again now. Tom has fixed it.
　　 Somebody has smoked all my cigarettes. The packet is empty.
　　
　　
　　
　　b. We use the continuous form to say how long something has been happening:　
  　Ann has been writing letters all day.
　　How long have you been reading that book?
　　Jim has been playing tennis since 2:00.
　　
　　
　　We use the simple form to say how much we have done, how many things we have done, or how many times we have done something:　　     Ann has written ten letters today.
　　How many pages of that book have you read?
　　Jim has played tennis three times this week.
　　
　　
　　 See Unit 18 for more information about the present perfect and how long?
　　
　　c. Some verbs are not used in the continuous form, for example know. You have to say have known (not have been knowing). For a list of these verbs see Unit 3b.
　　UNIT 17 Exercises　　
17.1 Read the situation and then write two sentences, one with the present perfect simple (I have done) and one with the present perfect continuous (I have been doing).　
  　 Example: Tom is reading a book. He started two hours ago, and he is on page 53.
　　 (he/read/for two hours) He has been reading for two hours.
　　 (he/read/53 pages so far) He has read 53 pages so far.
　　1. Linda is from Canada. Now she is traveling around Europe. She began her trip three months ago.
　　(she/travel/around Europe for three months) __________________________
　　(she/visit/six countries so far) __________________________
　　2. Sue is a tennis champion. She began playing tennis when she was 11 years old. Now she has just won the national championship for the fourth time.
　　(she/play/tennis since she was 11) __________________________
　　(she/win/the national championship four times) __________________________
　　3. Bill and Andy make films. They started making films together when they left college.
　　(they/make/films since they left college) __________________________
　　(they/make/ten films since they left college) __________________________
　　
　　17.2 Imagine that you are talking to a friend. Read the situation and ask a question beginning in the way shown.　　
   Example: Your friend is studying Arabic. How long have you been studying Arabic?
　　1. Your friend is waiting for you. How long __________________________
　　2. Your friend writes books. How many books __________________________
　　3. Your friend writes books. How long __________________________
　　4. Your friend is fishing by the river. How many fish __________________________
　　
　　17.3 Put the verb into the correct form: present perfect simple (I have done) or continuous (I have been doing).　　
   Examples: I have lost (lost) my key. Can you help me look for it?
　　 You look tired. Have you been working (you/work) too hard?
　　1. Look! Somebody __________________________ (break) that window.
　　2. I __________________ (read) the book you gave me, but I _______________ (not/finish) it yet.
　　3. “Sorry I’m late.” “That’s all right. I ____________________ (not/wait) long.”
　　4. Hello! I __________________________ (clean) five of them and there are two more to do.
　　5. There’s strange smell in here. __________________________ (you/cook) something?
　　6. My brother is an actor. He __________________________ (appear) in several movies.

smallmoon

　　
请DX们请教，下面的答案我做得对不对。
17.3 Put the verb into the correct form: present perfect simple (I have done) or continuous (I have been doing).　　
   Examples: I have lost (lost) my key. Can you help me look for it?
　　 You look tired. Have you been working (you/work) too hard?
　　1. Look! Somebody _____________________has borken_____ (break) that window.
　　2. I ____________have read______ (read) the book you gave me, but I _____________have not finished__ (not/finish) it yet.
　　3. “Sorry I’m late.” “That’s all right. I _______has been waitting_____________ (not/wait) long.”
　　4. Hello! I ____________________have cleaned______ (clean) five of them and there are two more to do.
　　5. There’s strange smell in here. __Have you cooked________________________ (you/cook) something?
　　6. My brother is an actor. He ________________has been appearing__________ (appear) in several movies.

[ 本帖最后由 smallmoon 于 15-7-2009 13:22 编辑 ]

smallmoon

UNIT 18 Present perfect (I have done/I have been doing) with how long, for, since　　
a. Study this example situation:　　
    Bob and Alice are married. They got married exactly 20 years ago, so today is their 20th wedding anniversary.
　　 They have been married for 20 years.
　　 We use the present perfect to say how long something has existed or how long something has been happening.
　　 How long have they been married?
　　They are married.
　　 They have been married for 20 years.
　　
　　b. We use the present perfect continuous (I have been doing) to say how long something has been happening. Note that the action is still happening now.　　
     I’ve been studying English for a long time?
　　 Sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long?
　　 It’s been raining since I got up this morning.
　　 Sometime the action is a repeated action (see also Unit 16b):　　
     Liz has been driving for ten years.
　　 How long have you been smoking?
　　 The continuous (I have been doing) or the simple (I have done) can be used for actions repeated over a long period:　　
    I’ve been collecting/ I’ve collected stamps since I was a child.
　　
　　c. We use the simple (I have done) for situations that exist for a long time (especially if we say always). Note that the situation still exists now.　　
   My father has always worked hard. (not has always been working)
　　 We use the continuous for situation over a shorter time. Compare:
　　 John has been living in Caracas since January.
　　 John has always lived in Caracas.
　　
　　d. Some verbs (for example be, have, know) are not normally used in the continuous (see Unit 3b for a list and Unit 23 for have):　　   How long have Bob and Alice been married?
　　 Sue has had s cold for the past week. (not has been having)
　　 Bill and I have known each other since high school.
　　
　　e. Do not use the simple present (I do) or present continuous (I am doing) to say how long something has been happening:
　　 I’ve been waiting here for an hour. (not I am waiting)
　　 How long have you known Jane? (not do you know)
　　UNIT 18 Exercises　
　18.1 Are these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.　　
   Examples: How long have Bob and Alice been married? Right
　　 I know Bob for five years. Wrong – have known
　　 1. Sue and Alan are married since July. _________________
　　 2. It is raining all day. _________________
　　 3. How long has George been unemployed? _________________
　　 4. Have you always been living in this house? _________________
　　 5. How long does Ken have a beard? _________________
　　 6. How long do you know Ann? _________________
　　 7. She has been sick for a long time. _________________
　　
　　18.2 Write question with how long?　　
   Examples: Jim is studying Chinese. How long has he been studying Chinese?
　　 I know Bob? How long have you known Bob?
　　 1. My sister is married. How long ___________________________
　　 2. Carol is on vacation. How long ___________________________
　　 3. I live in Australia. ___________________________
　　 4. It is snowing. ___________________________
　　 5. Jack smokes. ___________________________
　　 6. I know about her problem. ___________________________
　　 7. Robert and Jill are looking for an apartment. ___________________________
　　 8. Diana teaches English in Brazil. ___________________________
　　 9. Dennis is in love with Liz. ___________________________
　　 10. John has a car. ___________________________
　　
　　18.3 Read a sentence and then write another sentence with since or for.　
　 Example: I know Bob. (for five year) I have known Bob for five years.
　　 1. Jack lives in Chicago. (since he was born) Jack ___________________________
　　 2. Mary is unemployed. (since April) Mary ___________________________
　　 3. Ann has a bad cold. (for the last few days) ___________________________
　　 4. I want to go to the moon. (since I was a child) ___________________________
　　 5. My brother is studying languages in college. (for two years) ___________________________
　　 6. Tim and Jane are working in Peru. (since February) ___________________________
　　 7. My cousin is in the army. (since he was 18) ___________________________
　　 8. They are waiting for us. (for half an hour) ___________________________

这课的练习我有点迷糊，等会写出我的答案与大家探讨。

smallmoon

18.1 Are these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.　　
   Examples: How long have Bob and Alice been married? Right
　　 I know Bob for five years. Wrong – have known
　　 1. Sue and Alan are married since July. ____have married_____________
　　 2. It is raining all day. ________has been raining_________
　　 3. How long has George been unemployed? _________________
　　 4. Have you always been living in this house? ___________?? not sure---- have lived______
　　 5. How long does Ken have a beard? ___________has ken______
　　 6. How long do you know Ann? _________have you known________
　　 7. She has been sick for a long time. _________________
　　
　　18.2 Write question with how long?　　
   Examples: Jim is studying Chinese. How long has he been studying Chinese?
　　 I know Bob? How long have you known Bob?
　　 1. My sister is married. How long _____________has she been married______________
　　 2. Carol is on vacation. How long ________has he  on vacation___________________
　　 3. I live in Australia. __________how long have you lived in _________________
　　 4. It is snowing. _______________how long has it been snowing____________
　　 5. Jack smokes. _________________how long has he smoked__________
　　 6. I know about her problem. ________ how long have you known her problem___________________
　　 7. Robert and Jill are looking for an apartment. _____how long have they been looking for ______________________
　　 8. Diana teaches English in Brazil. ____________how long has diana _______________
　　 9. Dennis is in love with Liz. _______how long has dennis  loved____________________
　　 10. John has a car. _____how long has john had a car______________________
　　
　　18.3 Read a sentence and then write another sentence with since or for.　
　 Example: I know Bob. (for five year) I have known Bob for five years.
　　 1. Jack lives in Chicago. (since he was born) Jack ____have lived_______________________
　　 2. Mary is unemployed. (since April) Mary ____has been unemploying_______________________
　　 3. Ann has a bad cold. (for the last few days) _____has had______________________
　　 4. I want to go to the moon. (since I was a child) ________________has wanted__________
　　 5. My brother is studying languages in college. (for two years) ________have been studying___________________
　　 6. Tim and Jane are working in Peru. (since February) ______________have been  working_____________
　　 7. My cousin is in the army. (since he was 18) ______________has _ been in the army____________
　　 8. They are waiting for us. (for half an hour) __________have been waiting_________________