G day, mate. I worked as a dealer at a oz casino before. In my view, I saw very very few people can win chips at last. They will become angry and addict after serval times or a few months. I often meet someone who cries on front of me. I wish you would leave it as far as you can.
G day, mate. I worked as a dealer at a oz casino before. In my view, I saw very very few people can win chips at last. They will become angry and addict after serval times or a few months. I often me ...
“小数定律”(law of small numbers)。在统计学和经济学中,最重要的一条规律是“大数定律”,即随机变量在大量重复实验中呈现出几乎必然的规律,样本越大、则对样本期望值的偏离就越小。例如,抛掷硬币出现正面的概率或期望值是0.5,但如果仅抛掷一次,则出现正面的概率是0或1(远远偏离0.5)。随着抛掷次数的增加(即样本的增大),那么硬币出现正面的概率就逐渐接近0.5。但根据认知心理学的“小数定律”,人们通常会忽视样本大小的影响,认为小样本和大样本具有同样的期望值。例如,如果某个厂长连续两年取得了很好的业绩,那么人们就会认为该厂长的业务能力很强;但实际上,这两年也许恰好是宏观经济比较理想的年份,任何人都会取得好业绩。在这里,人们实际上把小样本的期望值视为大样本(即年份较多)才具有的期望值。另一个常见的例子是所谓的“赌徒谬误”。例如在抛掷硬币时,人们通常认为下一次出现正面的概率与已经出现正面的次数负相关。如果连续抛掷10次硬币都是正面,那么人们会觉得下一次出现反面的可能性很大;实际上,每次抛掷硬币出现正面或反面的概率都是0.5,它与已经出现过多少次正面没有关系。大数定律是不确定情形下各种经济理论的基石,如果人们真的是按照小数定律而非大数定律做出判断,那么现有的经济理论就需要重大的修正了。
注意最后一段
这是wikipedia的结果
The law of small numbers may refer to
The Law of Small Numbers (book), authored by Ladislaus Bortkiewicz
The Poisson distribution. Sometimes probability distributions are called laws, and the use of that name for this distribution originated in the book The Law of Small Numbers
Hasty generalization, a logical fallacy also known as 'the law of small numbers'
the tendency for an initial segment of data to show some bias that drops out later (one example in number theory being Kummer's conjecture on cubic Gauss sums)
Pigeonhole principle, the occurrence of mathematical coincidences
Random sequence should reflect the proportion, in order for a sequence to be considered representative, people think that every segment of a random sequence should reflect the true proportion
Strong law of small numbers, [1] "There aren't enough small numbers to meet the many demands made of them." In other words, any given small number appears in far more contexts than may seem reasonable, simply because small numbers appear so often and yet are so few.