本帖最后由 yearshappy 于 10-12-2018 18:44 编辑
 The Story of Europe with Australia-born Christopher Clark on SBS ONE tonight
The Story of Europe, hosted by Dr. Christopher Clark, anAustralia-born Cambridge historian 1. Origins & Identity 2. Beliefs & Ideas 3. Ambitions & Conquests 4. Achievements & Rewards 5. Commonalities & Division 6. State of Play 1, · How did it all begin? Who were the firstEuropeans and where were they from? During an ice age, the first people, Homosapiens (wise m, leave Africa to conquer the rest of the world. They travelled viathe Middle East, the Levant and Romania when Europe slowly grew warm that the iceage came to an end. Neanderthals were died out the continent was taken over by ‘wisehuman’ (Homo sapiens) 30 000 years ago. · Living in caves – Stone Age peoples (southFrance & North Spain) – Homo sapiens became human beings; humanscommunication through art, landscapes, images, objects · The naming origin of Europe: according to amyth, Zeus, father of the Gods, fell in love with Europa, daughter of thePhoenician king of Sidon (Lebanon) . So Zeus in the shape of a bull went to seeEuropa who fell in love the bull and was carried to Crete (olive production).They married and the continent’s beared her name since then. · What’s made Greece so special? City-states era,Athens stood out (brilliant thinkers invested earthly concerns) as it ruled bypeople, the first time in human history (400BC) – democracy was born, thenfailed to hold out against a military dictatorship. · Alphabet, political thoughts and systems, marathon (thefirst man Philippides) · The first time united as a shared fate to fightthe expansion of Persian Empire. · How did the Greek culture become the Europeanculture? Macedonian king Alexander, known as Alexander the Great conquered allthe Greek city-states (Sparta excluded), a global empire. The Greeks met theCelts (early European tribe groups; Romans called them the Gauls) and introducedthe Greek culture to them. – Julius Caesar warred Vercingetorix (seen as anational hero today in France) for 6 years expanded Roman empire to the farwest. – Augustus built the forum mastered the marketing of power. Romans builtcolonies everywhere (Roman law, citizenship) = Pax Romana = proto-European. Thisera was ended by the mass Germanic migration. Western Roman empire -> Italy 2, · Hagia Sophia. Constantine Christianised Romanempire. Christianity became influential then the official religion half acentury later. · The reasons for the success of Christianity: a) thealliance of the Church with the powerful Roman imperial state b) the churchopened to anyone to join c) in deliverance and salvation in the hereafter. · Early Irish Christianity: 4thC, a monk namedPatrick, the son of a Roman officer from Britannia, apostle of Ireland --àMonasteries and churches were the focal points of European civilisation in theMiddle Ages (church spires, a defining feature of Europe) . Charlemagne(Frankish Empire), the father of Europe. · Muslims conquered Spain. Islamic renaissancebegan: cooperation between the Arabic, Hebraic cultures; Christians, Muslimsand Jews worked together. Crusades. Orthodox Christendom (Moscow) . Christianityis a divisive force (not a defining bund). Martin Luther reform. · Treaty of Westphalia: gained peace throughnegotiation, also a start of the separation between religions and politics.
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