英语交流 今日: 0|主题: 2699|排名: 50 

最后发表： mite
回复内容：
这样的词还有一组 加了 IN IM UN ； 但是意思一样
现在忘记了

最后发表： yearshappy
回复内容：
12 of May?
Take it easy.
Wish you good luck with your exam.

最后发表： wkmqla
回复内容：
谢谢

最后发表： gamesover
回复内容：
多低都有
我看一些大学提供无雅思成绩0基础的语言课程，当然非常费钱了
如果你雅思成绩高一点，入学的语言课程时间就越短，相对而言就省钱了
你如果有中意的学校，就翻翻对方的主页，应该把所有要求都列出来的

最后发表： FIRE
回复内容：
bullshit!

最后发表： 半颗牙齿
回复内容：
LZ的学习补助是什么啊

最后发表： SerenaHan653
回复内容：
New place available for one more student. Please give me a call if you are interested! Thanks!

最后发表： lingchen5834
回复内容：
已找到，谢谢。

最后发表： 连城诀
回复内容：
您的情况是：
口语和听力基本没问题了  担心写作---所以，大学最好别读，要写的

好找工作，薪金高些---- 不好说啊，个人爱好

那实在不行你就市场营销吧，读tafe的

最后发表： wkmqla
回复内容：
关注澳洲发音。。。。。

最后发表： pyz520
回复内容：
正在申请这里的大学本科，想利用中国的CPA证书申请减免几门课程，比如：Auditing, Managment Accounting, Accounting Theory什么的，不过学校说必须要我提供以前学习的科目大纲，我上CPA的网站找到了中文版的，我的妈啊，有100多页，实在没办法自己去翻译成英文版的。

这里跪求有哪位TX有英文版的，给我一份吧，哪年的都无所谓，付钱也行啊，谢谢了！！

最后发表： pyz520
回复内容：
忘记解释了，我是需要中国的CPA 会计大纲的英语翻译，我尝试了自己翻译，太困难了，所以想找人翻译。不过现在已经在TAOBAO解决了。

最后发表： uniwg
回复内容：
多谢看来是业内人士啊，

最后发表： wolf
回复内容：
很深奥的修辞 这样的语法 我可能十年内也用不上啊

最后发表： usavatar
回复内容：
http://www.china-doll.org提供留學英文推薦信, 出國學習申請書, 英語論文修改, essays, case study, assignments, MBA course work , thesis and dissertation
EMAIL:chinadollpublishing@gmail.com
IM: customerservicechinadoll@live.com
SKYPE ID: chinadoll.publishing.one

最后发表： sde侯存劬
回复内容：
顶起来，支持楼主 顶~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~






















颈椎病如何治疗

最后发表： yearshappy
回复内容：


a bit confused by the definations given above
Let me put it in this way,

Simile (similar) -  'like' 'as'
The girl is like a flower.
The girl is pretty as a flower.  

Metaphor
The girl is a flower.

最后发表： wkmqla
回复内容：
有点意思
学习了一下

shibboleth came out sounding wrong,makeing...

Saying something as shibboleth maens the words tags you as...

最后发表： mason00
回复内容：
原来这样

最后发表： mason00
回复内容：
http://grammar.quickanddirtytips ... d-third-person.aspx

First, Second, and Third Person
You probably know what it means to write in first person, but you may not as confident about using second- or third- person point of view. Today, we are going to focus on each of these three points of view.

In grammatical terms, first, second and third person refer to personal pronouns. Each person has a different perspective, a point of view, and the three points of view have singular and plural forms as well as three cases form.

First Person
I the subjective case, the singular form of first person is “I,” and the plural form is “we.” “I” and “we” are in the subjective case because either one can be used as subject of a sentence. You constantly use these two pronouns when you refer to yourself and when you refer to yourself and others. Here’s a sentence containing both:
I look forward to my monthly book club meeting. We are currently reading Never Have Your Dog Stuffed by Alan Alda.

The first person of view is used primary for autobiographical writing, such as a personal essay or a memoir. Academics and journalist usually avoid the first person in their writing because doing so is believed to make the writing sound more objective; however, using an occasional “I” or “we” can be appreciate in formal papers and articles if a publication’s style allow it. Joseph M. Williams, author of Style: Ten Lessons in Clarity and Grace, agree: “…deleting an “I” or “we” does not make science objective; it makes reports of it only seem so. We know that behind those impersonal sentences are flesh-and-blood researchers doing, thinking and writing”.

I asked Sam to help me with my Happy New Year mailing, and we somehow got the project done early during the last week of December in spite of our packed schedules. I’m quite proud of us and ended up calling the projects ours instead of mine.

For the further clarification regarding the eight first-person pronouns just used, here’s a table: I/we, me/us, my/mine, our/ours

Second Person
You use the second point of view to address the reader, as I just did. The second person uses pronouns “you,” “your,” and “yours”. We use these three pronouns when addressing one, or more persons. Second person is often appreciate for e-mail message, presentations, and business and technical writing. Here are two examples with second-person point of view.
        Grandma,
        Before you go to London, remember to leave your keys under the doormat. I’ll miss you. Sincerely yours, Anna
        Class, you need to be in your seats when the principal arrives. Tom and Jerry, I’m speaking to you as well. By the way, are these comic books yours?

Third Person
The third person is the most common point of view used in fiction writing and is the traditional form in academic writing. Authors of novels and composers of papers use “he,” “she,” or “it” when referring to a person, place, thing, or idea. The following quotations include the third person singular subjective cases and are from the opening lines of three novels:
“Someone must have slandered Josef K., for one morning, without having done anything truly wrong, he was arrested”. “He” is in the singular third-person masculine subject case.
“Once upon a time, there was woman who discovered she had turned into the wrong person”. “She” is in the singular third-person feminine subjective case.
“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times…” “It” is in the singular third-person neuter subjective case.

In addition to have a singular and plural case, you may have already noticed that the third-person has genders and a neuter category.

This is going to be quite mouthful of pronouns, but I’m trying to include all twelve singular third-person pronouns in only three sentences.
He met her at a conference where she was the keynote speaker, and it was odd to him that her laptop had a fountain pen sticker on it, because that was his favorite of pen. He had his with him and wondered about hers. “A laptop has its place on a desk or on a lap,” he thought, “but in the pocket near the heart and in the hand a fountain pen has its.”
That was a little awkward at the end, but there you have it – I mean them, all the pronouns. And now, before the last chart with third-person plural with the three cases, here is a short example with its four pronouns (Don’t write sentence like this; they’re impossible to understand!):
They gave them their gloves because theirs had holes in them.

A Reminder Regarding usage: Agree in Person
When you write in first-person, don’t confuse your reader by switching to the second person or the third person. Similarly, when using second or third person, don’t shift a different point of view. For example, here’s a sample that switches person in a confusing way:

I enrolled in a fiction-writing workshop for the winter quarter, and you have to complete three stories, each from a different point of view.

The pronouns in this sentence don’t agree with each other; the writer switched from first person to second person. Here’s the correct usage:

I enrolled in a fiction-writing workshop for the winter quarter, and I have to complete three stories, each from a different point of view.

Summary
So remember, simply stated, first person is from the writer’s point of view and uses pronouns such as “I”: I saw U2 at the Rose Bowl. Second person is directed at the reader and uses pronouns such as “you”: You saw U2 at the Rose Bowl. Third person is told from outside narrators point of view and uses pronouns such as “he,” “she,” and “it”: She saw U2 at the Rose Bowl.

最后发表： mason00
回复内容：
http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/contractions.aspx

Contractions
A listener named Alex asked, “What’s the history of contraction in English usage? I just heard an interview with the Coen brothers about the movie true Grit. They point out that they were at the paint to avoid the use of contractions for an authentic 1860s American setting.”

The Coen brothers did say something like this. In a Newsweek interview, they were asked, “Did people actually not talk with contraction that time?” and they answered, “We’ve been told that the language and all that of formality is faithful to how people talked in period.”

The History of Contractions
Unfortunately, the Coen brothers were misinformed. Mark Liberman of the linguistic blog Language Log found the original True Grit novel by Charles Portis contains both contracted and uncontracted form. For comparison, however Liberman looked at two other novels, including Tom Sawyer, published in 1876, and found that those novels were more likely to include contraction than True Grit, so there’s really some contraction avoidance in the novel True Grit. May be Portis wrote that way for characterization, Liberman suggests. He also quoted a paper of Journal of English Linguistics on the history of contractions with “not.” It said that they first appeared in the writing at the beginning of the 17th century, increasing at the 18th, and more or less accepted in the 19th.

In fact, they were even contractions before 1600s, but at that time they usually weren’t indicated with an apostrophe, because the apostrophe was still a recent invention. Going back more than a thousand years, Old English has a class of contracted verbs. For example, the verb seon, “to see,” was a contraction of the earlier seohan. So contraction is not a recently development in English.

When to Use Contractions
In episode 201, we converted that most of contentious of contractions, “ain’t.” Our advice was
        In business, scholarly and other formal writing, omit “ain’t”, unless it’s used
in direct quotation, and never go around saying it in general conversation
unless it’s part of the joke or well-known saying. In dialogue or to convey a
vernacular tone in prose, use it with discretion. Treat it as spicy mustard;
don’t make a whole sandwich from it.
But why did “ain’t,” a potentially useful contraction that fills the gap where we could use a contraction of “am not,” come to be so disrespected? In Origins of the Specious, Patricia O’Conner and Stewart Kellerman wrote that “ain’t” was first used in place of both “am not” and “are not,” then for “is not,” and later, even for “has not” and “have not.” As O’Conner and Kellerman write: “’Ain’t’ claimed to have so many parents that it seemed illegitimate.”

In episode 168, we talked about respectable contractions that should nonetheless be used with care. Some are ambiguous. For example, when you read the “the dog’s,” It might be a possessive, as in “the dog’s tail”; it might be the contraction of “the dog is”; or it might be a contraction of “the dog has.” Usually the rest of the sentence will make it clear which you mean but not always, so it’s worth keeping the ambiguity in mind. For example, the sentence “I’d never run that fast” could mean “I had never run that fast” or “I would never run that fast.” Maybe the context will make it clear, but why not make it easier on the reader by writing out “I had” or “I would”?

Episode 168 also covered contraction of “have,” such as “would’ve”, “could’ve,” and “should’ve.” Whether you write these as contraction or two words, they still sound much the same as in everyday speech, so the contractions don’t save you any syllables. For that reason, our advice is to avoid them. All the more so for awkward double contractions such as “I’d’ve” and “it’ll’ve.”

Many Style Guides Recommend Using Contractions
You don’t have to avoid the contractions in all your writing. Many style guides even recommend using contractions. The Chicago Manual of Style says: Most type of writing benefit from the use of contractions. If used thoughtfully, contractions in prose sound natural and relaxed and make reading more enjoyable.

Brain Garner’s Modern American Usage advises:
The common fear is that using contractions can make the writing seem breezy. For most of us, thought, that risk is nil. What you gain should be a relaxed sincerity – not breeziness.

The federal government’s Plain Language website agrees with Garner, and adds:
“Write as you talk” is a common rule of writing readably, and the best way to do that is to use contractions. People are accustomed to hearing contractions in spoken English, and using them in your writing helps them related to your document.
Just Don’t Overdo It
So in short, use contraction in formal writing if it will sound stranger to avoid them than to use them. (If this advice sounds familiar, you might be remembering our episode on vulgar language, where we gave similar advice.) Of course, you don’t run the risk of offending your readers with contractions the way you wish swear words, but still, if you use any and all contractions just because you’re allowed to, your risk sounding awkward an distracting your readers, instead of making you writing easier to read – which is the whole point of using contractions in the first place!

最后发表： mason00
回复内容：
http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/punctuating-questions.aspx

Punctuating Questions
Today’s topic is how to format questions.  You think you already know this, don’t you? I wonder if you are right.

Everybody knows how to write a vanilla question: What’s new? They are called direct questions. But there’re trickier scenarios. What happens if a sentence seems to be a half question, a half statement? What if you are asking an indirect question, or asking a question that also seems to require exclamation point, or dealing with a quotation that contains a question, and so on?

Questions Masquerading as Statements
Sometimes even direct questions are tricky because they can look like statements, and the only way to tell your reader is to add a question mark. There’s a big difference in meaning between “He went to the store.” and “He went to the store?” Yet the only difference between these two sentences is that one ends with a period and one ends with a question mark. The question mark makes it a direct question that shows surprise. What the heck was he doing at the store?

A Question Flurry
What if you have a bunch of questions and you want to string them all together? There’s a funny scene in a movie (I think it was Cats & Dogs) where a dog realizes he can talk, and it goes something like this: You can hear me? Can I have a cookie? two cookies? four cookies? twenty cookies?

Those add-on questions at the end aren’t complete sentences but they each get a question mark anyway. It reads as it is and so on. They aren’t complete sentences, so you usually don’t capitalize the first letter. The rules are vague, though. Some books say to capitalize the first letter if the questions are nearly a sentence or have sentence-like status, so you want to use your own judgment. I don’t consider “two cookies” to be nearly a sentence, but I may consider something like “two cookies and squeaking ball to chase” to be nearly a sentence, which would make me think about capitalize it.

Statements with Tag Questions
Now, what about those little questions come at the end of statement? You didn’t forget my birthday, did you? It is fun to play marimbas, isn’t it? Bits like did you and isn’t it are called tag questions and they turn the whole sentence into a question, so use a question mark at the end.

Indirect Questions
Do you have a curious nature? Do you wonder about things? When you wonder, your statement might sound like questions, but they’re not direct questions, they’re indirect question, and they don’t take a question mark. For example, I wonder why he went to the store. It’s an indirect question – essentially a statement – so there’s no question mark. I wonder if Squiggly would lend me his marimbas. Again, it’s not a question.

Question in Quotation Marks
Next, where do you put the question mark when you are using quotation mark? It depends on the sentence – is the whole thing a big question, or is only the part in quotation marks a question?
If the whole sentence is a question, then you put the question mark outside the quotation mark. Here’s an example: What do you think Squiggly meant when he said, “The fish swam darkly up the river”? The whole sentence is a question, so the question mark goes at the very end (outside the quotation marks).

On the other hand, if only quotation is a question, then the question mark goes inside the quotation marks. Here’s an example: Squiggly ran up to Aardvark and asked, “Where are the fish?” The question mark goes inside the quotation marks because the only part of the sentence is a question is Where are the fish?

It helps to remember the question mark stays attached to the question whether it is the whole sentence or just the quotation.

Indirect Questions Mixed with Direct Questions
It gets really crazy when you mix direct and indirect questions together. There’re multiple ways to write something like: The question at hand is, who stole the cookies? The simplest way to write that is to put a comma after the indirect question and a question mark after the direct question.

Believe it or not, some style guides allow you to capitalize the first letter in a direct question, even though it comes the mid of the sentence: The question at hand is, Who stole the cookies? Supposedly, capitalize the first letter in the question places more emphasis on the question, but I think it makes the sentence disjointed.

And if you think that looks wired, it gets even worse. If you flip the two parts around, you can put a question mark in the middle of your sentence: Who stole the cookies? was the question at hand.

It’s good to know the rules, but these sentences seem so contorted that I think it is better to try to rewrite them. I could easily convert the sentence to an indirect question: Every one wondered who stole the cookies. Or I could use a colon to make the sentence less odd: One question remained: Who stole the cookies?

Polite Requests
Here’s another strange rule: some style guides say that polite requests phrased as recommend putting a period at the end of sentence like: Would you bring me the marimbas. I find this very odd, since it is clearly a question, but the rationale is: that it is really a demand masquerading as question.

Surprising Questions
Finally, when you asking a question in surprise such as “What”? It isn’t appreciated to use multiple question marks or question mark with exclamation point. You’re supposed to pick the terminal punctuation mark that is most appreciated and use just one. Is your question more of a question or more of an outburst?

I’ve always found that solution unsatisfactory, so I was thrilled to learn that there’s an obscure punctuation mark that was designed exclusively for asking questions in a surprised manner. It’s called an interrobang, and it looks like an exclamation superimposed on a question mark.

You shouldn’t use the interrobang in formal writing, but I think it would be great if people started using it on blog and in other informal communications. If you have the Wingding 2 font in your word processing program, you can insert an interrobang as a special character, and there’re Unicode values that you can use to insert the interrobang to your web site. I’ve put them at the bottom of script.

最后发表： mason00
回复内容：
http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/compound-subjects.aspx

Compound Subjects
Today we are discussing subjects that contain the word “and.” You generally think “plural” if you see and “and,” but that’s not always the case.
Simple singular and plural subjects
Let’s start some sentences that have definitely singular or definitely plural subjects. The subject in “The clown is juggling” is obviously singular; one clown is doing something. “Two clowns and the ringmaster are juggling” contains and “and,” and since three people are involved, that subject is plural.
Singular compound subject with “And”
Now for some subjects that contain word “and” but are singular. This might sound wired at first, but you probably say such sentences every day. Take these two singular sentences: “Peanut butter and jelly is available in the cafeteria,” and “Meat and potatoes way my grandfather’s favorite meal.” In these mouth watering sentences, the tow items combine to form a singular subject - one dish – and this is the crux (crucial) of the matter. As Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage explains, “When the nouns form ‘a collective idea’ or ‘an oneness idea,’ the singular verb is appreciate”. Another explains is “spaghetti and meatballs”: “Spaghetti and meatballs goes well with garlic bread.”
A compound subject that describes a singular person
You may also find yourself referring one person in two ways in a sentence, and if you do so, you will use a singular verb. Consider the sentence in which the writer is saying her husband is also her best friend: “My husband and best friend like doing the dishes,” the two people are scrubbing. In this case, your husband is not your best friend.
Different and separate compound subjects
What if the ideas joined by “and” refer to more than one person or do not form one concept? Then, the sentence is plural. Noted grammarian Bryan Garner explains, “If two or more subjects are joined by and are different and separable, they are plural verb”. If you say, “Peanut butter and potatoes are my favorite foods,” you are listing two separate items you like. I’ve never heard of combined the dish “peanut butter and potatoes.” If it did exist, however, it would take a singular verb.
Singular or plural subject
Now, let’s analyze some contentious (arguable) sentences. The subjects in these may or may not be plural, depending upon your point of view. First up is this sentence with singular verb: “His humility and his decency reflects very bad American spirit.” Or should it be “reflect,” a plural verb? We need to assess whether the “humility and decency” are two variations on a theme and therefore one thing, or if these two personalities are “different and separable.” They seem separate ideas to me. A person could be decent but not humble. Others may disagree with this point of view. An anonymous commenter on the Sentence Sleuth blog, where this sentence is criticized as Criminal Sentence 513, argued, “The author intends them to be considered as a unit, as a representation of a singular quality, his “goodness.” I think you can get away with either a singular or plural sense – it’s discretionary (feel free).
There was even more discussion on the blog when it came to the following sentence (labeled Criminal Sentence 519): “There capture and successful prosecution is what we want”. Some commenter argued that the police had one goal – to put the criminals behind bars – so capture and prosecution represented one idea. They therefore felt the verb should be singular. Others thought these two actions were distinct and the verb should be plural.
With sentence with these two, we may have to agree to disagree; you can make a coherent argument for either point of view. If you’d like to weigh in with your opinion, you can find both these criminal sentences at sentencesleuth.blogspot.com
Rewrite to avoid compound subjects problems
If you come across this problem in your own writing, you may probably make someone unhappy no matter which kind of words you choose. Your best chance to pleasing everyone is to recast the sentence so you no longer have to wrestle the idea of singular or plural. One way to rewrite the sentence about humility and decency is “He embodies the very best of the American spirit with his humility and decency.” As for the second problematic sentence, you can very easily turn “Their capture and successful prosecution is what we want” into “We want to capture and successful prosecute them.” It’s less wordy, too.
Summary
Singular and plural is not as easy a concept as it might seem (notice how I said, “singular and plural is”; here we’re combining the two to refer to one grammatical concept). When you are deciding singular or plural, think about whether the items joined with “and” constitute one concept. A Sentence Sleuth blog reader point out that “Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” is a good example of a single idea that comes with an “and”. If you don’t know which verb to choose, just rewrite the sentence and avoid the problem.

最后发表： cynthiawu
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最后发表： hgl8815
回复内容：
楼上说的很对，centre tafe 旁的教堂，叫圣约翰教堂，有中文堂，每周日，中午十二点开始，里面有个古牧师，人非常好，你可以问他，他会告诉你有免费的英文课。希望能够帮到你

最后发表： mason00
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That website is a good resource to learn English grammar. It is interesting to see that the present unreal conditional shares the same form with future unreal conditional form 1. I saw other classifications, but this is the clearest one I think. It also provides detailed sentence samples and usage guide.

[ 本帖最后由 mason00 于 8-11-2011 17:50 编辑 ]

最后发表： longmel
回复内容：
学习一下一下

最后发表： poppy
回复内容：
Did You Hear the One About…?

Humor is a valuable tool for speakers, but you don’t have to be funny to use humor in your
speeches. However, you do need to communicate to your audience that you want them to
get a laugh from your speech – you want them to be happy. Gracefully tie your humor to
your presentation, but don’t use awkward transitions, like “That reminds me of a story.”

One way to add humor to any presentation is to make yourself the butt of a joke, just
as funnyman and supposed notorious tightwad Jack Benny did on his radio show. In a
famous skit, a robber held up Benny, saying, “Your money or your life.” As Benny’s pause
grew longer, the audience completely broke down, laughing uncontrollably. Once his
listeners regained their composure, the robber repeated his demand: “I said your money
or your life.” Benny’s measured reply: “I’m thinking. I’m thinking.” The audience again
exploded into extended laughter as Benny acted the part of a skinfl int in a supposed
life-or-death quandary. His self-deprecating humor was a hit. Of course, use comedy
judiciously. Be sure the context of your speech lends itself to levity.

最后发表： amy2010mel
回复内容：
坚持也是有个时限的。楼主这样一心一意地相信雅思，就怕被这个变态的考试愚弄了。

[ 本帖最后由 amy2010mel 于 29-8-2011 20:42 编辑 ]

最后发表： nonmemo
回复内容：
百度下借贷记账法。然后，借是DEBIT  贷是CREDIT。就明白了。

最后发表： Jerry庄
回复内容：
是老胡说出来的吗？

最后发表： quiz88
回复内容：
从现在开始每天看一节。

最后发表： 老鼠爱上猫
回复内容：
还以为问国内的班。

没读过，帮顶。

最后发表： funnybird
回复内容：
By the way, I'm in no way condoning smoking. If you think otherwise, you get the message wrong...

最后发表： msolucky
回复内容：
学习要有毅力，加油

最后发表： msolucky
回复内容：
哈哈哈哈，美国律师无处不在

最后发表： qidaofo
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免费咨询 为留学归来挂科，未毕业的同学们提供优质服务.  

咨询QQ 939162119(陈 老 师)

最后发表： seth_chen
回复内容：
NSW肯定有，我LD在悉尼的ames上过班

最后发表： rusty1987
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楼主 你好   请问SHARE费用多少？     主要教些，学些什么

最后发表： frozen_heart770
回复内容：
专业写作么？还是学校作业？出自哪里？你的理解是什么呢？或者说一下你哪里不太确定？

[ 本帖最后由 frozen_heart770 于 13-4-2011 18:52 编辑 ]