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标题: 一直忽略了这个发音细节 [打印本页]

作者: 柯罗 时间: 30-1-2011 16:14
标题: 一直忽略了这个发音细节
过去式、过去分词的ed结尾有四种讲究，最近用字典用得多，发现了自己这个毛病：不分清辅音浊辅音一律发【d】。
上网查了一下，有四种规律。前三种大家一般都知道了，我一看也回忆起来了。第四种倒是第一次注意到。

Three Different Pronunciations for Words Ending with "-ed"
For English past tense pronunciation of regular verbs, the "-ed" ending
has the following three distinct pronunciations:
/id/
/t/
/d/
Teaching English Past Tense Pronunciation— /id/ Endings
Deciding when to use the /id/ pronunciation is pretty simple. The English
as a Second Language student just needs to remember that this Past Tense
ending is only used for verbs ending with a /t/ or /d/ sound, as discussed
above.
The learner also needs to know that this is the only ending that is
pronounced with an additional syllable.
Examples of /id/ Endings for Past Tense Verbs
"want" becomes "wanted" and is pronounced "want/id/" (two syllables)
"need" becomes "needed" and is pronounced "need/id/" (two syllables)
"decide" becomes "decided" and is pronounced "decide/id/" (three
syllables)
"dedicate" becomes "dedicated" and is pronounced "dedicate/id/" (four
syllables)
Teaching English Past Tense Pronunciation— /t/ and /d/ Endings
A lesson plan teaching ESL students how to differentiate between past
tense verbs with a /t/ ending and a /d/ ending is a bit more difficult.
Many students will think that it is just a matter of memorizing which
letters at the end of the word (the base form of the verb) take a /t/ and
which take a /d/. This strategy will work for many verbs, but not all.
The better pronunciation rule is to teach ESL students how to distinguish
between voiced and unvoiced sounds. The "-ed" ending of unvoiced sounds
takes on a /t/. Voiced sounds take on a /d/.
Examples of /t/ Endings for Past Tense Verbs
"laugh" becomes "laughed" and is pronounced "laugh/t/" (one syllable)
"walk" becomes "walked" and is pronounced "walk/t/" (one syllable)
"kiss" becomes "kissed" and is pronounced "kiss/t/" (one syllable)
"finish" becomes "finished" and is pronounced "finish/t/" (two syllables)
Examples of /d/ Endings for Past Tense Verbs
"clean" becomes "cleaned" and is pronounced "clean/d/" (one syllable)
"dream" becomes "dreamed" and is pronounced "dream/d/" (one syllable;
note that "dreamt" is the British English version of the past tense of
"dream")
"save" becomes "saved" and is pronounced "save/d/" (one syllable)
"enjoy" becomes "enjoyed" and is pronounced "enjoy/d/" (two syllables)
"marry" becomes "married" and is pronounced "marry/d/" (two syllables)
A lesson plan teaching English past tense pronunciation can mostly involve
drills to help the student choose the correct ending and also to hear the
differences between "-ed" endings.
You can also give the student a list of the endings that take /t/ or /d/
sounds. ESL students often feel more comfortable memorizing such a list,
but as I mentioned above, memorization will not work for all situations.
While a list will help with a lot of verbs, it's better to have the back-up
rule on the voiced or unvoiced -ed ending that the ESL student can always
rely on for correct English past tense pronunciation.
Exceptions to the "-ed" Endings Rules
OK. It's English so you know that there are going to be exceptions! If
you are teaching your students pronunciation of the past participles of
some verbs that are being used as adjectives, then a second syllable will
be added even if the base form does not end in a /t/ or /d/ sound, and
the "-ed" ending will be pronounced as /id/.
Common past participles used as adjectives with an additional syllable
are: aged, blessed, crooked, dogged, learned, ragged, and wretched.
Fortunately, this exceptions doesn't apply to teaching pronunciation of
English past tense verbs, just past participles when they are used as
adjectives.

作者: nil 时间: 30-1-2011 17:21
教你个简单的记法：清清，浊浊，元浊。

解释：清辅音结尾，ed就发清辅音t，比如walked /kt/

浊辅音结尾，ed就发浊辅音d比如cleaned /nd/，

元音结尾，ed就发浊辅音d，（所以加i肯定是id，不可能产生it），enjoy /oid/ 和wanted /tid/

第四种很少，基本也不大用到。

作者: ozbird 时间: 30-1-2011 17:27

原帖由 nil 于 30-1-2011 17:21 发表

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教你个简单的记法：清清，浊浊，元浊。

解释：清辅音结尾，ed就发清辅音t，比如walked /kt/

浊辅音结尾，ed就发浊辅音d比如cleaned /nd/，

元音结尾，ed就发浊辅音d，（所以加i肯定是id，不可能产生it），e ...

这个解释挺好的。元音是声带音，浊辅音也是带有声带发音，而清辅音没有声带发音。这样前面如果声带发音了，就一直发下去，就成了d，前面没有声带发音，声带也就不用发音了，也就成了t。有时候不一定要记，自然就会发音成这样。特别是对于中国人来说，本来就缺少浊辅音，刻意的去发d音，也未必就发成了浊辅音d，很可能发成不送气清音。

[ 本帖最后由 ozbird 于 30-1-2011 17:31 编辑 ]

作者: 成功考取研究生 时间: 31-1-2011 17:37
路过，学习了

作者: wanglei 时间: 3-2-2011 20:52

作者: 坏熊猫 时间: 10-3-2011 16:51
习惯成自然

作者: nobig345 时间: 21-3-2011 18:38
good idea!

作者: 柯罗 时间: 14-5-2011 14:52
这第四种解释了一些少数例外，有些动词的过去分词形式用来做形容词使用时，发[id]音，即使它们并不是以t或d结尾，比如
aged, blessed, crooked, dogged, learned, ragged, and wretched

aged men, blessed ones, learned societies 等等，你都曾经使用了正确的读法吗？

第四种情况
Exceptions to the "-ed" Endings Rules
OK. It's English so you know that there are going to be exceptions! If
you are teaching your students pronunciation of the past participles of
some verbs that are being used as adjectives, then a second syllable will
be added even if the base form does not end in a /t/ or /d/ sound, and
the "-ed" ending will be pronounced as /id/.
Common past participles used as adjectives with an additional syllable
are: aged, blessed, crooked, dogged, learned, ragged, and wretched.
Fortunately, this exceptions doesn't apply to teaching pronunciation of
English past tense verbs, just past participles when they are used as
adjectives.

作者: Jerry庄 时间: 14-6-2011 19:00
标题: 很好。。。。。。

原帖由 nil 于 30-1-2011 16:21 发表

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教你个简单的记法：清清，浊浊，元浊。

解释：清辅音结尾，ed就发清辅音t，比如walked /kt/

浊辅音结尾，ed就发浊辅音d比如cleaned /nd/，

元音结尾，ed就发浊辅音d，（所以加i肯定是id，不可能产生it），e ...

很好。。。。。。

作者: provencedancer 时间: 15-6-2011 14:48

原帖由 nil 于 30-1-2011 16:21 发表

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教你个简单的记法：清清，浊浊，元浊。

解释：清辅音结尾，ed就发清辅音t，比如walked /kt/

浊辅音结尾，ed就发浊辅音d比如cleaned /nd/，

元音结尾，ed就发浊辅音d，（所以加i肯定是id，不可能产生it），e ...

恩恩恩恩

作者: figaro 时间: 17-6-2011 15:51

原帖由 ozbird 于 30-1-2011 16:27 发表

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这个解释挺好的。元音是声带音，浊辅音也是带有声带发音，而清辅音没有声带发音。这样前面如果声带发音了，就一直发下去，就成了d，前面没有声带发音，声带也就不用发音了，也就成了t。有时候不一定要记，自然就 ...

学习了。感谢分享

作者: superopengl 时间: 17-6-2011 16:48
学习了。不过用多了，习惯之后也就不会意识到这些区别了。

第四种发音规则头一次听说。请问这个是澳洲英语的标准吗？还是CommonEnglish的标准？

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