分享：The Terrible Twos: A Struggle for Independence（中英对照版）
The Terrible Twos: A Struggle for Independence令人抓狂的两周岁：宝宝争取自立的历程
来源： http://life.familyeducation.com/independence/toddler/53236.html?page=1
看到一篇文章，感较挺有意思，拿来跟大家分享，某些地方可能翻译不确切，请各位童鞋指正
Your child's own will
宝宝的自我主张
Your two-year-old persists in the struggle that began when he started walking: The struggle toward some degree of separation, autonomy, independence, and the ultimate issue—identity. This means that you will have to try to meet your child's growing need for independence, while at the same time offering him all the support, comfort, and even babying that he needs.
自打从学步开始，你的宝宝就开始了一系列的自立的历程：从与父母分开，到独立自主，直至最终的目标——自我认知。这意味着你必须想方设法满足宝宝独立的需求，同时提供可能的支持，关爱和照顾。
Your child's growing independence will show itself in a variety of contexts: eating, dressing, perhaps using the potty seat, playing with toys, drawing, and so on. On some days your toddler will want to do many of these things all by himself; on others, he will need your help for all of them. For this reason, any of these everyday adventures can become a furious battleground.
宝宝的独立历程体现在很多不同的方面：吃饭，穿衣，使用便盆，玩儿玩具，绘画等等。有时候他可能会坚持自己做所有的事情，另一些时候他却非要你帮助，于是这些日常活动常常变得非常棘手。
Despite your child's improving ability to dress or eat or play independently, he may resist if you pressure him or insist that he do them himself. This resistance also demonstrates your toddler's independence. To assert his own will, your child all too often opposes your own. And that's why they call it the "terrible twos." Two-year-olds often seem willful, contrary, and negative. And to top it all off, when they don't get their way, they throw a tantrum.
鉴于宝宝逐步提高的吃饭穿衣玩玩具的能力，他会坚持自己动手而反抗你的催促，这反映了他的独立自主。为了表现独立的意愿，他几乎总是跟你对着干——这就是为什么这个阶段称为“抓狂的两周岁”。他们经常表现的执拗，反复无常和不配合，总之，如果他们没有达到自己的意愿，就会发脾气。
Tantrums also spring from your child's growing desire for independence. Despite your toddler's rapidly developing abilities, he no doubt still wants to do much more than he can handle physically and mentally. This frustrating incompetence will drive your two-year-old over the edge. When his frustration reaches a certain level, it explodes as a tantrum.
发脾气有时也根源于宝宝日趋增长的独立意愿。虽然他们的能力发展神速，但显然仍有很多他们无论从身体上还是心理上都掌握不了的事情。这种无能为力的感觉会是他们趋于崩溃，继而爆发脾气。
Though it hardly seems like it much of the time, your toddler is actually trying to control himself. And despite all the turbulence, your child will become increasingly self-aware throughout this year. By his third birthday, this self-awareness will probably awaken a previously unseen ability in your toddler: awareness of and identification with the feelings of others. So in the end, your child's sometimes painful journey toward self-awareness will give birth to a degree of empathy.
虽然有时表面上看不出，其实你的宝宝正在试图掌控他自己。或许这一年充满不安和混乱，但你的宝宝会迅速的发展自我意识。到三周岁时，这种自我意识会激发出一种未曾在他们身上体现出来的能力——他人意识。最终，这个痛苦的发展自我意识的过程会导致某种程度的与他人的心理共鸣出现（心理学上的所谓移情作用）。 Dressing Independently
自己穿衣
By about two-and-a-half your child will begin to express interest in dressing and undressing herself some of the time. By all means, encourage her to do so if she wants to. The practice helps to improve both her coordination and her confidence. Until your child is three, she will probably need help with her socks, shoes, and mittens. Tying shoes is almost impossible for a two-year-old, but your toddler may be able to master shoes with Velcro straps.
大约到了两岁半，你的宝宝会开始对自己穿脱衣服感兴趣。如果她想，就放手鼓励她去做。这会练习她的协调能力和增长自信。但在三岁以前，她还是需要你帮忙穿袜子，鞋和戴手套。系鞋带仍然是不可能的任务，但是她们可能会穿粘扣的鞋。
By her third birthday, your child may be able to dress herself completely in a few easy-to-put-on outfits. Just be patient and give your child all the time she needs. Let your child pick out her own clothes if she wants, too—and ignore your own sense of fashion. It won't really hurt anyone if she chooses striped pants with a plaid shirt. And it also won't do any harm if your toddler chooses the same clothes day after day.
到了三岁，你的宝宝应该可以自己穿大部分不复杂的衣物了。耐心给她们点时间完成工作，如果她愿意，让她自己挑选衣物——不要搀和你的喜好。就算是她挑了不搭调的条纹裤子和格子衬衫又怎么样呢？每天都穿同一套衣服也不是什么大不了的事情。
Try to avoid buttons and zippers as much as possible. Despite their name, snaps are no snap either. So buy pants with an elastic waistband (not too tight) rather than a zipper and a snap. If you cannot avoid buttons, snaps, and zippers, large ones will be easier for small fingers to practice on. It also might help to get your child a dress-up doll with buttons, zippers, snaps, and Velcro.
尽可能避免带纽扣和拉链的衣服，包括暗扣。松紧带的裤子（不要太紧）就比带拉链和暗扣的好。如果避免不了纽扣，暗扣和拉链，选择大些的扣子，这些比较适合宝宝练习。给宝宝找个合适的娃娃，可以在她身上练习系纽扣，拉拉链，以及使用暗扣和粘扣。 Helping by Not Helping (Much)
帮还是不帮，这是个问题。
The best way you can help your two-year-old achieve a healthy degree of independence is to stay out of his way—but at the same time, stay close enough to help when he really needs it. Here's what you can do:
帮助你的两岁宝宝学习自立的最好办法就是躲开他，不过同时，随时在他左右以便他真的需要你帮忙。这里有一些建议供参考：
Be patient! This is probably the most important guideline for parents of two-year-olds. Your child cannot possibly complete a "simple" task as easily as you can. But if you give your toddler the time and opportunity to learn through trial and error-with a few pointers from you—he will soon become competent and confident in a variety of skills.
要有耐心！对于两岁宝宝的父母，这可能是最重要的建议。你觉得很容易的事情，对你的宝宝可能不那么简单，不过你要是给他机会和时间去尝试失败，或许你可以在旁稍加指点，他会很快掌握多种能力和建立自信。
Leave extra time for everything. If you want your child to practice independent skills, it's not fair to hurry him through them. So get ready to leave ten or fifteen minutes—okay, half an hour—before you actually have to go anywhere.
留出充裕的时间。如果你想要宝宝锻炼自理能力，不要催促他。在出门之前，计划出10到15分钟，或者半个小时的富余。
If time becomes short, trade off tasks. "You put your socks on and I'll get your shoes on." Or perhaps, "You do that shoe, I'll do this one." Or, "You put your coat on, I'll zip it up."
如果时间实在紧，商量一个折中的办法，“你来穿袜子，我帮你穿鞋”，或者“你穿那只鞋，我帮你搞定这只”，再比如“你把衣服穿上，我帮你拉拉链”。
Empower your child. Try to come up with ways to increase your toddler's sense of competence, strength, ability, and power. You may, for instance, let your child decide where to hang his latest artwork (building his sense of pride and confidence). Or you may encourage him to move the chairs around to set up a play tent (building his sense of strength).
激励你的宝宝。找一些办法来让你的宝宝感觉到他的能力和权力。譬如，让他决定把他的画挂在哪里（培养自信）。或者鼓励他帮忙把椅子搬到帐篷那里（让他感到自己的力量）。
Rather than forcing, directing, or commanding your child to do what you want, gently steer him toward doing it. For instance, give your toddler some choices about what to do next. (Hint: If all the options you offer are things your child likes to do and things you want him to do, he—and you—can't lose no matter what he chooses to do first.)
你如果一定要宝宝做某些事，用引导鼓励代替命令和指令。譬如让你的宝宝决定做事的先后。（提示：如果事情都是你想要他做并且是他喜欢做的，先后顺序有什么要紧呢？）
If your child can do it, let him do it. Your toddler's various skills only will improve if he gets a chance to use them. And the more practice you give your child, the faster he will master a task. So after your child can put on his jacket, let him do it most of the time. Not only will he become more and more skilled, but you will have less and less to do yourself.
如果你的宝宝做得到，就让他去做。只有放他去尝试，他的能力才能提高。练习的越多，他掌握的就越快。所以如果你的宝宝能穿夹克了，尽量让他去做。宝宝能做的越多，你需要做的就越少。
Intervene only if your child becomes frustrated or asks for help. Avoid the temptation to take over just because you think your toddler has been trying long enough. If he's still trying and is not tearing his hair out, then he is still confident that he can complete the task. If you lose patience and do it for him, you will undermine your two-year-old's confidence and transform everything he's done up to now into wasted effort.
轻易不要干涉，除非你的宝宝感到受挫或者请求你帮助。不要因为你认为宝宝已经尝试了太长时间而试图干预。如果他仍在尝试，而不是焦躁不安，说明他仍然有信心完成他的任务。如果这时你失去耐心帮他做了，实际上你损伤了他的自信，使得他的一切努力都化为乌有。
Remember your child is only two. Although your child is much more independent than a one-year-old, he is by no means fully independent. Expect your child to go through spells of clinging and anxiety, though they may occur less often and be less pronounced than they were in the first year of toddlerhood. So give your child the attention and help that he does want. Your independent-minded toddler wouldn't ask for it if he didn't really need it.
不要忘了他只有两岁，虽然你的宝宝已经比周岁时自立多了，可是仍然差得远。依赖和焦虑是很正常的，虽然没有头一年那么频繁和显著。当他需要的时候，给予他足够的关注。对于这个年纪相对自立的宝宝来说，如果不是很必要，他是不会像你求助的。
Praise the effort. It's not easy for your two-year-old to do things himself. So even if he doesn't quite succeed, reward your child with praise and encouragement. If your child comes close to succeeding at the task—maybe he buttoned his coat, but missed a button—don't redo it. There's really no reason he needs to do everything perfectly when he's just learning.
Don't pressure your child. If you nag or harass him, he will resist doing it at all. That's another way your child can assert his independence.
鼓励他的付出。作为两周岁的宝宝，独立处理事情不是那么容易。所以即使他做的不那么好，也要给予适当的奖励和鼓舞。如果你的宝宝基本能完成他的工作，譬如扣扣子，不小心少扣一个，不要帮他修正。在这个学习的阶段，没有必要把每一件事都做得完美。不要给他过大的压力，如果你批评责怪他，他很可能再也不尝试了。这同样是他表达自己独立性的一种方式。
Q-tip
Here's a good trick for toddlers. Lay your child's coat on the floor. Have her stand at the neck or hood of the coat (so that it's upside down from her perspective). If your child then sticks her arms in the sleeves and flips the coat over her head, it will be on. Most toddlers find this trick enchanting proof that they are big kids now.
小窍门：把宝宝的衣服铺在地板上，让她站在领口一端（在她看来衣服是倒着摆放的）。如果你让宝宝把胳膊伸进两只袖子里，然后把衣服从她头上翻过，就穿身上了。多数宝宝会因为这个“魔术”感觉自己是大宝宝了。 这个是你翻译的中文？
了不起 MICHELLE07 发表于 25-11-2013 22:17 static/image/common/back.gif
这个是你翻译的中文？
了不起
很一般，基本是直译:lol 指纹 发表于 25-11-2013 23:21 static/image/common/back.gif
很一般，基本是直译
辛苦辛苦! 必须赞扬一个
我很欣赏这种把英文读物自己翻译一下转发出来的做法,其实在分享给大家的同时,也强迫自己认真读了一遍,是很有用的.这种转帖也算原创.我的很多"原创"就是这么来的.
最近美食版如火如荼，我在琢磨是否等你们吃货们忙碌完毕，你再"擅自“主张，提议几个年度原创精神奖、年度最佳转帖奖呢？ MICHELLE07 发表于 25-11-2013 22:25 static/image/common/back.gif
辛苦辛苦! 必须赞扬一个
我很欣赏这种把英文读物自己翻译一下转发出来的做法,其实在分享给大家的同时,也 ...
原创作品最多的应该是在英语版和兴趣版吧？
不过我正在考虑一些关于育儿的交流活动，还没有眉目:L 指纹 发表于 25-11-2013 23:31 static/image/common/back.gif
原创作品最多的应该是在英语版和兴趣版吧？
不过我正在考虑一些关于育儿的交流活动，还没有眉目
研究投资房吧!
育儿实在太难把握 MICHELLE07 发表于 25-11-2013 22:35 static/image/common/back.gif
研究投资房吧!
育儿实在太难把握
对我来说都超出了我的智商了
不过所谓交流嘛，难把握的才需要交流
投资啥的咱也没钱玩儿，万一中个大奖回头我找你咨询就够了:lol 本帖最后由 MICHELLE07 于 25-11-2013 23:40 编辑
指纹 发表于 25-11-2013 23:37 static/image/common/back.gif
对我来说都超出了我的智商了
不过所谓交流嘛，难把握的才需要交流
别那么谦虚
你一定能整理出好的信息，可以好好教育一下我先 MICHELLE07 发表于 25-11-2013 22:39 static/image/common/back.gif
我是觉得育儿超出我智商了.....
是我的短缺
期待你整出点好东西,好好教育一下我先
你孩子多大啦 本帖最后由 MICHELLE07 于 25-11-2013 23:48 编辑
指纹 发表于 25-11-2013 23:40 static/image/common/back.gif
你孩子多大啦
你回得也太快了
我把10楼内容改啦，大家都别那么谦虚
明年就上学了---感觉他的一切就是我理想中的孩子样子：可爱、聪明、善良，好像没什么可教育的
也很好学。
就看真的上学后如何了。我准备好了小学1-5年级的语文课本，觉得基本的汉字可能还是需要教一教，另外就是了解了一下数学补习的情况，将来有需要就得把他数学抓好。英语？暂时不担心，口音实在太正了（来的时候还不会说话）
其它艺术的都还没概念呢----放养了。他爸爸说男孩要学好体育，目前只学游泳一样。
我觉得女儿可培养项目更多。就这点来说，幸好没有女儿。
MICHELLE07 发表于 25-11-2013 22:45 static/image/common/back.gif
你回得也太快了
我把10楼内容改啦，大家都别那么谦虚
明年就上学了---感觉他的一切就是我理想中的孩子 ...
理想的妈妈带出来的就是理想的孩子:good
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