Table salt: This is the common salt normally found on every table. It is a fine-ground, refined rock salt with some additives to keep it free-flowing. Smaller particles mean more particles per measure and more surface area (dissolves faster) than coarser grinds.
Coarse salt (cooking salt): Coarse refers to the grind. A good choice for sprinkling on pretzels or corn on the cob because the edges tend to cling.
Iodized salt: Salt which has iodine (sodium iodide) added. Iodine is a mineral necessary to the body to prevent hypothyroidism.
Kosher salt (also a cooking salt): This is a coarser grind of salt with large, irregular crystals. It contains no additives. It has a good texture and brighter flavor.
Rock salt: Less refined and grayish in color, this is the chunky crystal salt used in ice cream machines and sidewalks.
Pickling salt: This fine-grained salt has no additives and is generally used in brines to pickle foods. No additives means the pikling brine does not become cloudy.
Sea salt: Recovered from sea waters by evaporation, it can be fine or coarsely ground.