非谓语动词 有三种 1. to 加动词原形, 不定式 2. 动词原形加ing,即现在分词 3. 动词原形加ed ,即过去分词。
这三种 在句子里可以充当除了谓语之外的所有成分,如主语,宾语,定语,状语,补语,根据需要拿来就用。
出于简单明了,避免混淆,我只建议了解 非谓语动词作为 状语,主语,后置定语 的形式,举例如下:
状语(最常见),本质就是一个副词
To make it happen, they exerted much time and effort.
Having only book knowledge,you will not be able to work well.
Confined to bed, she can do nothing about it.
主语,本质就是一个名词。
To change energy form from one to another could be difficult.
Using the right hand to shake hands is the convention in many different countries.
后置定语,本质是一个定语从句,只不过省略了。
The funds raised are mainly used for helping the homeless.
非谓语动词做宾语,补语作用不需要了解,语法书或教科书上都有写,但只能让人费解,别无它用!
非谓语动词前面 加个 名词做主语,就是独立主格,这种结构有写迷惑性,但知道了就是那么回事。如下:
Weather permitting, the ship will leave the harbor at dawn.
The project finished, they had a two weeks’ leave.