组织化概念普及(二)：法人化组织

mason00

Incorporated associations
法人化组织
When an association becomes incorporated it has its own legal identity separate from its members, providing protection to members in legal transactions.
当一个组织法人化后，它拥有独立于所属成员的法律身份，在法律事务中为成员提供保护。

An incorporated association can:
一个法人化组织可以：
•enter into and enforce contracts, including the ability to hold, acquire and deal with property
•sue or be sued
•continue regardless of changes to membership.
签订和执行合同，包括持有，获得的和交易财产的资格
起诉或者被诉
独立于成员变换的持续运行
Although there are benefits to be gained from incorporation, there are also obligations. For example, incorporation requires the payment of application fees and obliges the association to maintain proper financial and membership records and registers.
虽然法人化带来权益，但同时也带来义务。例如，法人化需要申请费用并且责成组织维护适当的财务和成员记录并登记。
Incorporation is not compulsory and you may wish to seek advice from a solicitor, accountant, governing or funding body on whether incorporation is desirable.
法人化并非必要，你可以咨询律师，会计，管理者和出款人来决定是否需要法人化。
What is the associations liability?
What liability do members have?
Is there an association size limit?
Can an association be refused incorporation?
Must all operations be in NSW?
What is the associations liability?
什么是组织的义务？
As a legal entity in its own right, an association bears liability for its acts. This means that claims made against an association, either as debts or compensation for negligence, are the responsibility of the association.
作为自有法律实体，一个组织为自身行为负责。意思是：针对组织的声明，无论是债务或者赔偿，都是属于组织的责任。

What liability do members have?
成员有哪些义务？
Members are liable for the amounts each member owes the association in respect of their membership. For most this means the fees or subscriptions due to the association.
成员根据每一个人拥有组织的比重负有相应的责任。一般情况下，比重由会费和出资额决定。
Members of the management committee of an association also have limited liability for the debts of an association, as long as they follow accepted business and community standards.
在管理委员会遵守一般商业和社区标准的情况下，对组织的负债负有有限的责任，

Is there an association size limit?
组织规模是否受限？
The Associations Incorporation Act 2009 requires that there be a minimum of five members but there is no maximum size.
法人化组织法2009要求成员最少不低于5人，但是没有上限

Can an association be refused incorporation?
组织是否可以被拒绝法人化？
An association will be refused incorporation or required to transfer its incorporation if the Director General is satisfied that incorporation is inappropriate or inconvenient because of:
由于以下原因，如果地方长官认为法人化是不恰当的或者有困难的，法人化将会被拒绝或者被要求移交法人化
•the likely nature or extent of the activities of the association
•the likely value or nature of the property of the association (as a guide, the amount of $2 million as a measure of assets, income or expenditure is used)
•the likely nature or extent of the association’s dealings with the public.
组织活动可能的性质或者范围
组织财产可能的价值和性质（例如，2百万被用来作为衡量固定资产，收入和支出的单位）

Must all operations be in NSW?
活动必须在NSW？
There is no requirement to have all operations in NSW. If all, or a majority, of the associations operations are outside NSW incorporation may not be appropriate.
没有要求所有的活动在NSW。但并不推荐所有的或者主要的组织活动在NSW以外。
The Act requires that the public officer reside in NSW.
法律要求PO居住在NSW。
If an association wishes to establish an office or carry on some of its activities outside of NSW, it should obtain advice from the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) or its own legal adviser about registering as a Registerable Australian Body under the Corporations Act 2001.
如果组织希望在NSW以外建立办公室或者开展活动，应该咨询Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC)或者它自己的法律顾问，如何在公司法2001下注册为可注册澳洲实体。

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[ 本帖最后由 mason00 于 31-5-2011 10:19 编辑 ]